summative dbq prep

4 prompts:

1. progressive social

2. economics in the progressive era

3. imperialism (TP 7)

4. reconstruction

progressive era - social

The Progressive Era (1890s-1920s) was marked by various social reforms aimed at addressing issues stemming from industrialization, urbanization, and immigration. Key social aspects included:

• Women's Suffrage Movement: Advocating for women's right to vote, leading to the 19th Amendment in 1920.

  • Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Carrie Chapman Catt, etc

• Labor Rights: Improvement of working conditions, regulation/elimination of child labor, and the establishment of labor unions.

  • labor unions fought for shorter working hours, higher wages, and overall better working conditions

  • children would spend more of their time at school and/or helping the family with home tasks instead of working the harsh toil of business

  • muckrakers/journalists exposed the harshness and cruelty of companies to the public eye (The Jungle publication exposing meat packing, Ida Tarbell exposing The Standard Oil Company, Ida B. Wells exposing lynching, etc)

• Social Work: The emergence of the profession, focusing on helping the poor and immigrants, and addressing social issues.

• Prohibition: The temperance movement aimed to reduce alcohol consumption, culminating in the 18th Amendment (1919) which prohibited alcohol.

  • people believed that alcohol was the root cause of lots of societal problems, so prohibiting alcohol would solve lots of things within society

• Public Health Initiatives: Increased focus on sanitation and health reforms, especially in urban areas, addressing issues like disease and poor living conditions.

• Education Reforms: Push for better access to education and improved schooling systems, including the rise of vocational training.

  • the number of schools and students attending them grew dramatically

• Civil Rights Movement: Early efforts to promote racial equality and address discrimination, notably through organizations like the NAACP.

  • the NAACP was founded in 1909 so in the midst of the Progressive Era

progressive era - econ

The Progressive Era (1890s-1920s) introduced several economic reforms aimed at addressing the disparities and challenges posed by industrialization and capitalism. Key economic aspects included:

• Regulation of Corporations: The establishment of regulations to control monopolies and prevent unfair business practices, exemplified by the Sherman Antitrust Act and later the Clayton Antitrust Act.

  • prevent monopolies and promote fair competition in the marketplace

• Labor Reforms: Efforts to improve labor conditions, including the push for higher wages, shorter work hours, and safer working environments.

• Income Tax: The introduction of the federal income tax through the 16th Amendment, allowing for a more graduated tax system based on individual earnings.

• Banking Reforms: Creation of the Federal Reserve System in 1913 to provide more stability to the banking sector and the economy as a whole.

• Economic Equity: Movements aimed at reducing the gap between the rich and the poor, including the fight for workers' rights and fair wages.

• Support for Farmers: Implementation of policies to support agricultural interests, including rural electrification and financial assistance to farmers.

imperialism

Imperialism in APUSH Unit 7: The period of imperialism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries marked a significant shift in U.S. foreign policy, as the nation sought to extend its influence beyond its borders. Key aspects include:

• Motivations for Imperialism: Economic interests driven by the need for new markets and raw materials, along with a belief in the racial and cultural superiority that justified expansion (Social Darwinism).

• Spanish-American War (1898): A pivotal conflict that resulted from the U.S. intervention in Cuba's struggle for independence, leading to U.S. acquisition of territories including Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

• Open Door Policy: A diplomatic approach aimed at ensuring equal trading rights for all nations in China, promoting U.S. interests in Asia.

• Annexation of Hawaii: In 1898, the U.S. annexed Hawaii, largely due to its strategic location and economic significance, particularly for sugar production.

• Roosevelt Corollary: An assertion of U.S. intervention in Latin America as a means to maintain stability and protect U.S. interests, further extending the Monroe Doctrine.

• Panama Canal: A significant engineering feat that facilitated trade and military movement, exemplifying the U.S.'s commitment to imperial expansion and international influence through infrastructure development.

reconstruction

Reconstruction in APUSH Unit 5: The Reconstruction era (1865-1877) followed the Civil War and involved significant political, social, and economic changes aimed at rebuilding the South and integrating formerly enslaved people into society. Key details include:

• Presidential Reconstruction: Initiated by President Lincoln and continued by Andrew Johnson, focusing on quickly restoring Southern states to the Union with lenient terms, aiming for reconciliation rather than punishment.

• Congressional Reconstruction: Led by Radical Republicans, this approach imposed stricter terms for Southern states, requiring them to ratify the 14th Amendment (granting citizenship to former enslaved people) and ensuring voting rights. This included military oversight in the South.

• Civil Rights Legislation: The Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the 14th Amendment aimed to ensure equal rights for African Americans. The 15th Amendment (1870) prohibited voting discrimination based on race.

• Reconstruction Acts: Laws that divided the South into military districts to oversee and enforce Reconstruction policies, allowing for the establishment of Republican governments.

• Freedmen's Bureau: Established to assist freed slaves and poor whites in the South through education, healthcare, and employment; it played a crucial role in transitioning from slavery to freedom.

• Social Changes: Significant efforts were made to integrate African Americans into society, although resistance from white supremacist groups like the Ku Klux Klan presented challenges.

• Economic Challenges: The South faced economic devastation post-war; sharecropping and tenant farming emerged as systems that kept many African Americans in a cycle of poverty.

• End of Reconstruction: Marked by the Compromise of 1877, which resulted in the withdrawal of federal troops from the South, leading to the return of white Democratic control and the establishment of Jim Crow laws, effectively reversing many gains made during Reconstruction.