organ systems chapter 2

Organ Systems of the Human Body

1. Integumentary System (Dermatology)

  • Structures: Skin, Hair, Nails, Sweat glands, Sebaceous Glands

  • Functions: Protects the body with a two-way barrier; aids in temperature regulation.

2. Musculoskeletal System (Orthopedics, Orthopedic Surgery)

  • Structures: Bones, Joints, Muscles

  • Functions: Supports and protects the body; creates blood cells; stores minerals; produces movement.

3. Cardiovascular System (Cardiology)

  • Structures: Heart, Arteries, Veins

  • Functions: Pumps blood throughout the body; provides and transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste.

4. Blood (Hematic System) (Hematology)

  • Structures: Plasma, Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets

  • Functions: Transports oxygen; controls breathing; protects against foreign bodies.

5. Lymphatic System (Immunology)

  • Structures: Lymph nodes, Lymphatic vessels, Spleen, Thymus gland, Tonsils

  • Functions: Protects the body from disease and pathogen invasion.

6. Respiratory System (Otorhinolaryngology, Thoracic Surgery, Pulmonology)

  • Structures: Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchial tubes, Lungs

  • Functions: Obtains oxygen; removes carbon dioxide from the body.

7. Digestive or Gastrointestinal (GI) System (Gastroenterology, Proctology)

  • Structures: Oral cavity, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Colon, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Salivary glands

  • Functions: Processes food for energy.

8. Urinary System (Nephrology, Urology)

  • Structures: Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary bladder, Urethra

  • Functions: Filters waste from blood; removes waste from the body.

9. Female Reproductive System (Gynecology, Obstetrics)

  • Structures: Ovary, Fallopian tubes, Ureters, Vagina, Vulva, Breasts

  • Functions: Provides eggs for reproduction; shelters a fetus to grow.

10. Male Reproductive System (Urology)

  • Structures: Testes, Epididymis, Vas deferens, Penis, Seminal vesicles, Prostate gland, Bulbourethral gland

  • Functions: Provides sperm for reproduction.

11. Endocrine System (Endocrinology)

  • Structures: Pituitary gland, Pineal gland, Thyroid gland, Parathyroid glands, Thymus gland, Adrenal glands, Pancreas, Ovaries, Testes

  • Functions: Regulates metabolic activities of the body.

12. Nervous System (Neurology, Neurosurgery)

  • Structures: Brain, Spinal cord, Nerves

  • Functions: Receives sensory information; coordinates the body’s response.

13. Special Senses

  • Ophthalmology (Eye): Vision

  • Otorhinolaryngology (Ear): Hearing and balance