tbbb 10

Flashcard 1
Hint: Brain imaging technologies are used to study how the brain reacts to different ________. [decisions/choices]
Flip side: choices

Flashcard 2
Hint: Movie producers edit trailers to highlight the most ________ emotional responses. [dramatic/neutral]
Flip side: dramatic

Flashcard 3
Hint: Emotions such as ________ are associated with specific physical responses. [fear/pride]
Flip side: fear

Flashcard 4
Hint: More complex emotions, like ________, are harder to evoke through trailers. [fear/pride]
Flip side: pride

Flashcard 5
Hint: In choosing a movie, individual differences, such as preference for ________ films, play a role. [horror/comedy]
Flip side: horror

Flashcard 6
Hint: People’s responses to films are influenced by their beliefs about ________ expectations. [gender/age]
Flip side: gender

Flashcard 7
Hint: Gender differences in movie preferences are influenced by ________ attitudes and beliefs. [social/cultural]
Flip side: social

Flashcard 8
Hint: Mental representations are symbols that signify ________. [objects/actions]
Flip side: objects

Flashcard 9
Hint: Thinking allows us to manipulate ________ to plan interactions and regulate our goals. [information/feelings]
Flip side: information

Flashcard 10
Hint: Mental representations are similar to having ________ on a computer. [shortcuts/folders]
Flip side: shortcuts

Flashcard 11
Hint: The word "dog" in any language is a form of ________ representation. [analogical/symbolic]
Flip side: symbolic

Flashcard 12
Hint: A photo or drawing of a dog is an example of ________ representation. [visual/symbolic]
Flip side: visual

Flashcard 13
Hint: Temple Grandin describes her way of thinking as "thinking in ________." [pictures/words]
Flip side: pictures

Flashcard 14
Hint: Albert Einstein is quoted as using ________ in the early stages of his thinking. [mental imagery/logical reasoning]
Flip side: mental imagery

Flashcard 15
Hint: Mental images can be zoomed in or out, much like ________. [maps/objects]
Flip side: maps

Flashcard 16
Hint: Children are more likely than adults to use ________ images in their thinking. [visual/mental]
Flip side: visual

Flashcard 17
Hint: Concepts are used to organize the ________ we know. [objects/knowledge]
Flip side: knowledge

Flashcard 18
Hint: The process of concept formation is not unique to ________. [humans/animals]
Flip side: humans

Flashcard 19
Hint: Nonhuman animals like pigeons can form concepts, such as distinguishing between ________ and nonfish images. [fish/mammals]
Flip side: fish

Flashcard 20
Hint: A pigeon’s ability to identify fish images suggests it has extracted a ________ concept. [fish/color]
Flip side: fish

Absolutely! Here are additional flashcards with more details and terms from the text:

Flashcard 9: Representation in Problem Solving

Hint: An important part of solving a problem is to ________ or frame the problem in a way that is useful for finding a solution. (analyze, represent)
Flipside: Represent

Flashcard 10: Problem Representation - Procrastination

Hint: You might represent a grade problem as the result of ________ on an essay, which leads to different solutions than if you view it as an unfair grading rubric. (procrastination, unfair grading)
Flipside: Procrastination

Flashcard 11: Breaking Down Complex Problems

Hint: Big, complex problems are easier to solve when broken down into smaller, ________ problems. (intermediate, unrelated)
Flipside: Intermediate

Flashcard 12: Applying Problem-Solving Models

Hint: Systems engineers use a problem-solving process that evaluates progress ________ the process, unlike the traditional four-step method. (at the end of, continuously through)
Flipside: Continuously through

Flashcard 13: Strategies for Understanding a Problem

Hint: When formulating a problem, it is essential to ask questions like "What information is ________?" (missing, unnecessary)
Flipside: Missing

Flashcard 14: Concept Formation and Brain Damage

Hint: Damage to the ________ lobes can lead to difficulty in forming new concepts, as seen in conditions like ALS. (parietal, frontal)
Flipside: Frontal

Flashcard 15: Defining a Problem

Hint: A well-defined problem has a solution that can be ________ as correct or incorrect. (verified, ignored)
Flipside: Verified

Flashcard 16: Categorization and the Brain

Hint: Our brain has specialized areas for processing ________ concepts, such as animals, and different areas for tools or furniture. (living, nonliving)
Flipside: Living

Flashcard 17: Problem-Solving - The Final Step

Hint: In the problem-solving process, the final step is to ________ and evaluate whether the solution has resolved the issue. (look back, give up)
Flipside: Look back

Flashcard 18: Problem-Solving Strategy in Complex Problems

Hint: A complex problem, like world hunger, might be best approached by dividing it into smaller, more manageable ________. (solutions, components)
Flipside: Components

Flashcard 19: Concept and Category Organization

Hint: Some categories, like living vs. nonliving things, are thought to be ________ in the brain, as they help with survival. (hardwired, learned)
Flipside: Hardwired

Flashcard 20: Use of Information in Problem Solving

Hint: Problem-solving is the use of ________ to meet specific goals by developing and evaluating strategies. (data, information)
Flipside: Information

Flashcard 21: Use of Mental Representations in Problem Solving

Hint: In problem-solving, mental representations are used to ________ the problem in ways that can help find a solution. (frame, ignore)
Flipside: Frame

Here are your flashcards with the fill-in-the-blank format and two options for each:

Heuristics and Decision-Making

1. The ______ (availability/representativeness) heuristic suggests that events that are easier to recall seem more likely to occur.
→ Availability heuristic

2. The ______ (availability/recognition) heuristic explains why people believe missing children are frequently abducted, even though fewer than 30 are taken by strangers in Canada each year.
→ Availability heuristic

3. The ______ (representativeness/affect) heuristic occurs when people assume that a big, muscular university student is a football player, despite the small number of actual players.
→ Representativeness heuristic

4. The ______ (recognition/availability) heuristic suggests that people perceive more recognizable stimuli as having higher value.
→ Recognition heuristic

5. A fish labeled "Atlantic salmon" being rated higher than the same fish labeled "Australian salmon" is an example of the ______ (representativeness/recognition) heuristic.
→ Recognition heuristic

6. The ______ (affect/recognition) heuristic involves decision-making based on emotional responses or gut feelings.
→ Affect heuristic

7. Choosing to eat dessert instead of sticking to a diet is an example of the ______ (availability/affect) heuristic.
→ Affect heuristic

Language and Behavior

8. Language is a structured system of ______ (communication/intuition) that allows us to express thoughts and emotions through sounds, gestures, or written symbols.
→ Communication

9. Language enables ______ (problem-solving/impulsivity) by allowing us to organize complex thoughts and reason abstractly.
→ Problem-solving

10. Because of ______ (language/perception), the ideas we express today can shape the thoughts and behaviors of future generations.
→ Language

11. One key function of language is facilitating ______ (social connection/memory recall), allowing people to communicate across time and space.
→ Social connection

12. Language helps in preserving and shaping ______ (knowledge/instincts) by allowing ideas to be recorded and influence future generations.
→ Knowledge

The Basic Building Blocks of Language

1. Language is made up of ______ (phonemes/morphemes), which are the basic speech sounds that combine into meaningful units.
→ Phonemes

2. English contains about ______ (45/100) phonemes, which are represented visually by 26 letters.
→ 45

3. The smallest components of speech that carry meaning are called ______ (morphemes/syntax).
→ Morphemes

4. Morphemes include words as well as ______ (prefixes/sentences) and suffixes.
→ Prefixes

5. An example of a prefix is ______ (pre-/post-) in preschool.
→ pre-

6. An example of a suffix is ______ (-ing/-ed) in walked.
→ -ed

7. The average 20-year-old English speaker knows around ______ (42,000/60,000) words.
→ 42,000

8. Grammar determines how words are arranged into ______ (phrases/morphemes) and sentences.
→ Phrases

9. The phrase structure of English follows the pattern ______ (adjective-noun/noun-adjective), such as "the brown dog."
→ Adjective-noun