Group of Organic Macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are sugars.
In living things, carbohydrates serve as a short-term energy source and as structural/building materials.
Most carbohydrates names end in the letters “-ose.”
Monosaccharides:The monomers or “building blocks” of carbohydrates.
Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, and deoxyribose are common monosaccharides.
The general molecular formula for a monosaccharide is C2H2NON.
Disaccharide:2 monomers of carbohydrates.
Disaccharides are bond together by glycosidic linkage.
Glycosidic Linkage:The covalent chemical bonds that link 2 monosaccharides together.
Polysaccharides:The polymers for carbohydrates.
These compounds are formed by the bounding together of several monosaccharides.
Biologically important polysaccharides include: starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin.
Starch:Used as an energy storage molecule in plants.
Glycogen:Used as an energy storage molecule in animals.
Cellulose:Used as a structural component of plant cell walls.
Due to the hydrogen bonds that occur in cellulose, it is very hard for most organisms to digest.
Chitin:Used as a component of the exoskeleton of some animals and also fungal cell walls.
Lipids
These macromolecules are your fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.
Most lipids are hydrophilic.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are sugars.
In living things, carbohydrates serve as a short-term energy source and as structural/building materials.
Most carbohydrates names end in the letters “-ose.”
Monosaccharides:The monomers or “building blocks” of carbohydrates.
Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, and deoxyribose are common monosaccharides.
The general molecular formula for a monosaccharide is C2H2NON.
Disaccharide:2 monomers of carbohydrates.
Disaccharides are bond together by glycosidic linkage.
Glycosidic Linkage:The covalent chemical bonds that link 2 monosaccharides together.
Polysaccharides:The polymers for carbohydrates.
These compounds are formed by the bounding together of several monosaccharides.
Biologically important polysaccharides include: starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin.
Starch:Used as an energy storage molecule in plants.
Glycogen:Used as an energy storage molecule in animals.
Cellulose:Used as a structural component of plant cell walls.
Due to the hydrogen bonds that occur in cellulose, it is very hard for most organisms to digest.
Chitin:Used as a component of the exoskeleton of some animals and also fungal cell walls.
Lipids
These macromolecules are your fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.
Most lipids are hydrophilic.
