Sub-atomic particle | Proton(p) | Neutron(n) | Electron(e) |
---|---|---|---|
Relative Mass | 1 | 1 | 1/1840 |
Relative Charge | +1 | 0 | 1 |
Contains metals, non-metals and metalloids-have properties of both metals and non-metals
Atoms(Noble gases) in group 18 are stable due to having a Completely Filled Outermost Electron Shell (CFOES) and are inert and exist as single atoms
Have a duplet(2) or octet(8) electronic configuration
Will share, lose or gain valence electrons for atoms to attain a stable noble gas electronic configuration
Therefore, atoms may need to lose or gain electrons to become stable in which they become charged particles called ions
Example:
Name of Ion | Name of atom before the ion is formed | Charge of Ion | Chemical Formula |
---|---|---|---|
Hydrogen | Hydrogen | +1 | H+ |
Oxide | Oxygen | -2 | O2- |
Chloride | Chlorine | -1 | Cl- |
Name of Ion | Name of atom before the ion is formed | Charge of ion | Chemical Formula |
---|---|---|---|
Copper(I) | Copper | +1 | Cu+ |
Iron(II) | Iron | +2 | Fe2+ |
Iron (III) | Iron | +3 | Fe3+ |
Sodium Chloride
Formula of ions | Na+ | Cl- |
---|---|---|
Charge | +1 | -1 |
Simplest Ratio | 1 | 1 |
Chemical Formula: NaCl
Magnesium Chloride
Formula of Ions | Mg2+ | Cl- |
---|---|---|
Charge | +2 | -1 |
Simplest ratio | 2 | 2 |
Chemical Formula: MgCl 2
*To find the chemical formula, you criss-cross the formula of the ions and the simplest ratio of the combining ions
Two or more atoms chemically combined to form an ion
Example:
Name | Number of each type of atom | Charge | Formula of Ion |
---|---|---|---|
Hydroxide ion | 1 oxygen atom and 1 hydrogen atom | -1 | OH- |
Sulfate ion | 1 sulfur atom and 4 oxygen atoms | -2 | SO4 2- |
Ammonium ion | 1 nitrogen atom and 4 hydrogen atoms | +1 | NH4+ |
Examples:
Element | Chemical Formula | Number of atoms in molecule |
---|---|---|
Hydrogen (H) | H2 | 2 |
Oxygen (O) | O2 | 2 |
Nitrogen (N) | N2 | 2 |
Sulfur (S) | S8 or S | 2 |
Fluorine (F) | F2 | 8 |
Chlorine (Cl) | Cl2 | 2 |
Bromine (Br) | Br2 | 2 |
Chemical Name | Number of each type of atom | Chemical Formula |
---|---|---|
Water | 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom | H2O |
Carbon dioxide | 1 carbon atom and 2 oxygen atoms | CO2 |
Nitrogen dioxide | 1 nitrogen atom and 2 oxygen atoms | NO2 |
Sulfur dioxide | 1 sulfur atom and 2 oxygen atoms | SO2 |
Must be balanced
Number of atoms of each element before and after the reaction must be equal
Mass is conserved during a chemical reaction
Tips from a wise woman
Use numbers like 2 and 3
Always try to make odd numbers even
Balance ‘H’ and ‘O’ last
Go for LCM (lowest common multiple)
Always check answer
Image by By Ansaroo