Central Dogma Molecular Biology

Key Notes: Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

• Definition: The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information: DNA → RNA → Protein.

• Coined by: Francis Crick (~1965).

• Purpose: DNA contains genetic instructions that determine traits by directing protein synthesis.

Process Breakdown

1. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

   • Stores genetic information.

   • Located in chromosomes within the nucleus.

   • Provides instructions for protein synthesis.

2. RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

   • Acts as a messenger, carrying genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes.

   • Small enough to exit the nucleus through nuclear pores.

3. Protein Synthesis Steps

   • Transcription (in nucleus): DNA → mRNA (messenger RNA).

   • Translation (at ribosome in cytoplasm): mRNA → Protein (amino acid sequence).

Exceptions to the Central Dogma

• Retroviruses (e.g., HIV) do not follow this pathway.

• Use reverse transcription: RNA → DNA.

Key Takeaways

• DNA codes for proteins, which determine cell structure and function.

• The two main processes: transcription (DNA → RNA) and translation (RNA → protein).

• The central dogma is a fundamental principle of molecular biology.