History final

Potsdam - Conference held in 1945, Stalin agreed to allow observation of elections held in eastern Europe and that no country would extract economic repercussion from Germany, divided Germany into 2 sections

Containment - fighting Communism but not trying to eliminate it where it already existed
Truman Doctrine - US will assist any gov trying or group trying to fight communism whether the communists were coming from inside or outside the country

Rectification campaigns - people accused of not being Communists were publicly mocked and placed under arrest until they were Communist
Satellite states - States which take direction from Moscow and which lack autonomy

Mao - wanted to bring about Marxism in China
Pan Africanism - wanted independence for Africa(at treaty of Versailles, they were not listened to), ruled by Africa

Gandhi - wants Indian independece, peacefully

Sun Yatsen - leader of Chinese Republic
Easter Rising - Proclamation where the British miliatary kills more than 500 civilians

Authoritarianism - a political system that concentrated power in the hands of a small group of elites who are not constitutionally responsible to the people
Mussolini - leader of the Fascist party and dictator of Italy who had faith in young people

fascism - Drew partially on language and created Futurism
Nuremberg Laws - Outlaws intermarriage between Jews and Germans and prohibits Germans from employing Jews

Kristallnacht - “Night of broken glass”, 2 days that Germans ruined Jewish businesses/homes with no repercussions by the government
Militarist government of Japan - argued that military strength and national strength were the same thing

Lebensraum - ‘living space‘, how Hitler describes his expansion in central and Eastern Europe in the 1930s
February Revolution - bread riot that the Russian military refused to stop

D-Day - Invasion of western Europe by Allied forces, and the beginning of the end of WW2 in Europe
Island hopping - military working its’ way closer to Japan through a series of strategic attacks on key islands in the Pacific Theater.

Hiroshima - 1st bomb dropped on Japan Aug, 6, 1945
Total War - war effects every aspect of society, every day, including civilains not living near the front

Arsenal of Democracy - US role in suppling the Allies
The Blitz - Daily bombing of British cities by Germany in the early years of the war

Holocaust - concentration camps and death camps
soviets - worker council which took over factories and allowed workers to control the means of production in Russia

Bolsheviks - Communist party led by Vladimir Lenin, red army
Stalin -Supported state capitalism and relied on bureacracy

collectivization - eliminates private/family ownership of farmland, for ing people to work on collective farms run by the government to control food supply
Treaty of Versailles - sets the terms post WW1 and blamed Germany completely for everything

self determination - Europeans should be able to decide what kind of government they live under
Bright Young Things - British flappers with more gender bending and more violence

under-consumption - consumers were buying less goods than the economy was producing
Keynesian economic policy - Policies that focused on increasing consumer demand in order to stimulate the economy

Lord Mountbatten - last British leader of India

Mohammed Ali - Opposed the idea of a united India because he wanted peace and believed that religious differences should lead to separate nations for Hindus and Muslims.

Jinnah - one country for Hindus and Seeks and one for Muslims

Calcutta killings - Muslims killed Hindus after a gathering in the middle of the city. Then Hindus killed Muslims.
Kwame Nkrumah - independece leader of Ghana who became 1st president of Ghana

Non-Aligned movement - Egypt, Indonesia, and Yugoslavia promised to peacefully co-exist so theu could remain independent from the USSR and the US
Nehru - wanted a united India
Zionist - started in the 1880’s, Jews wanted a Jewish homeland in Middle East

Arab-Israeli War - Arab neighbors of proposed country tried to prevent Israel’s creation militarily, but the US, Britain, and France, sided with Israel
Ho Chi Minh - leader of Viet Minh communist forces and after 1954, ruler of North Vietnam

Viet Cong - South Vietnamese Communist insurgency grows substancially
Gulf of Tonkin - resolution that gave US a blank check to fight Communism in SE Asia

colon - Christian Algerians of European descent, who were most opposed to Algerian independence
FLN - guerilla forces of Muslims and Algerians who fought for Algerian independence

Baby boom - the average # of kids per fmily rises to 4 kids per family in the US
Kitchen debate

Stasi - East German secret police
Second Red Scare - time of intense suspicions for anyone who strayed from ‘typical‘ American life

Prague Spring - Soviets brought tanks and killed pro-democratic uprisers
Red Guards - teens empowered by Mao to go into communities are report on individuals who were suspected of going against Communist ideology. “big pillar”
Mohammed Reza Shah - Ruler of Iran, 1941-1979

Ayatollah Khomeni - Religious leader of the Islamist part of the revolution
Détente - ‘relaxation,‘ led to arms reduction in US and USSR

MPLA - Communist group which was organized by Portuegese communists in 1950s
Solidarity - Anti-communist movement in 1981, in 1989, Soviet army did not try to stop the new anti-communist movement

Perestroika - economic reform allowing companies to make some profit, centering economy on up to date technology, and weakening price controls on some goods
Gorbachev - leader of USSR, 1985,1991 who wanted to improve life for Soviet people

Glasnost - ‘openness‘, ability to criticize the party, reigning of the KGB (secret police)
Tiananmen Square - student led protests - thousands killed by Chinese gov, showing how China limits citizen’s ability to bring about political change

Four Modernizations - modernize agriculture, industry, science and technology and military, in part by introducing some capitalist elements to the economy
Soviet-Afghan War - many small groupd of fighters emerge from Afghanistan to fight Soviet invasion

Osama bin Laden - begins Al Qaeda in 1988, he is not liked because of how closely he follows the Quaran
EU - European union shares ; a common market, facilitating movement of goods and people to promote economic growth

Rwanda - Hutus kill Tutsis then Tutsis kill Hutus because of tensions about land access
World Bank - gives loans to governments in developing countries to focus on basic infrastructure

Balkan War - anti-democratic regimes kept tensions at bay because of the cold war but when the cold war ended, those tensions broke into war