CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENTS

• Chordophones - string

• Aerophones - wind

• Idiophones - percussion WITH TUNE

• Membranophone - percussion WITHOUT TUNE

LESSON 1: MUSIC OF INDONESIA

> Gamelan

• orchestra

• up to 75 members

• The Venerable Dark Cloud

• an opportunity to hone their skills and earn a living

> Colotomic instruments: marks off the time interval in the best cycle

> INSTRUMENTS:

• Sarons - xylophones with 5-9 keys each, hit with a mallet called TABUH

• Gongs - supports the fixed melody

• Kendang - two headed drum

• Genders - metallophones with bronze keys

• Bonangs - kettle-like and are arranged according to pitch

• Rebab - heart-shaped

• Suling - used for ornamentation, end-blown

• Angklung - bamboo tubes, tuned in an octave

> TUNING SYSTEM:

• Sledro - 5 tones

• Pelog - 7 tones

• Polyphonic - two or more melodies played at the same time

• Pentatonic - 5 tones (slendro)

• Heptatonic - 7 tones (pelog)

> MUSICAL FORMS:

• Tapanuli ogong - uses dance, trumpet, flute, lute

• Tembang sunda - also known as “cianjuran” and is used in poems

• Qasidah - religious chanted poetry

• Kecapi Suling - on the spot ornamentation

> SONGS:

• Lenggang Kangkung

• Si Patokaan

LESSON 2: MUSIC OF THAILAND (SIAM)

> INSTRUMENTS:

• Khrueang Dit: chordophones PLUCKED

  (Grajabpi, Jakhe, Phin, Phin Phia, Sueng, Phin Hai/Hai Song)

• Khrueang Si: chordophones BOWED

  (Saw Duang, Saw U, Saw Sam Sai, Saw Pip/Saw Krapong, Salo

• Khrueang Ti: idiophones STRUCKED

  (Khim, Taphon, Glong Thad, Glong Thap, Glong Khaek, Glong Yao, Glong Bantoh, Khong Wong Lek, Khong Wong Yai, Khong Mon, Khong Rang, Krap, Krap Phuang, Krap Sepha, Poengmang, Rammana, Chap)

• Khrueang Pao: aerophones BLOWN

  (Khlui, Wot, Khaen, Pi, Pi Chum, Gourd Mouth Organ, Trae, Sang)

> ENSEMBLES:

• Piphat - uses wind and percussion (loud: mai kaeng, quiet: mai nuam)

• Khrueang Sai - the string ensemble, used in Hoon Grabok

• Mahori - combination of Piphat and Khrueang Sai, traditionally played by women

> SONGS:

• Chaang (elephant song)

LESSON 3: MUSIC OF CAMBODIA (KAMPUCHEA)

> INSTRUMENTS

• Aerophones: blown

  (Khloy, Sneng, Ploy, Ken/Khaen, Angkuoch, Sralai, Pey Ar, Saing, Slek)

• Chordophones: strummed, plucked, bowed

  (Tro, Chapey Dang Veng, Krapeu, Kse Diev, Khim)

• Idiophones: percussion WITH TUNE

  (Khong Vong Toch, Kong Vong Thom, Roneat, Kong Mong, Krap, Ching, Chap, Pan)

• Membranophones: percussion WITHOUT TUNE

  (Sampho, Skor Thom, Thon, Rumana)

> CLASSICAL MUSIC FORMS:

• Phleng Kar - used in wedding ceremonies

• Pin Peat - used for court music

• Mahori - used as secular music for entertainment

> POP MUSIC FORMS:

• Ramvong - dance music thats slow tempo

• Ramkbach - related to the folk music of Thailand

LESSON 4: MUSIC OF MYANMAR (BURMA)

• Their music is characterized by sudden changed in rhythm and shifts musical layers and tone colors

• Their musical scale is composed of SEVEN TONES and is based off animals

• Maha Gita is a collection of classical music that means “royal song”

> 6 CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENTS:

• Kyei - instruments made of brass or bronze

• Thay-Ye - instruments that are made from skin, hide, or leather

• Kyo - stringed instruments

• Lei - wind instruments

• Let-Ko - clapper instruments

• Patala - xylophone instruments

> INSTRUMENTS:

• Se - triangle-like

• Hne - oboe-like

• Wa - aerophone made from bamboo

• Saung - boat shaped harp

• Pat Waing - circle of 21 drums

• Kyi Wain - circle of suspended gongs