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Vocabulario Introducción a Nutrición 1
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Anabolism: Consists mainly of making energy and storing it for later.
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Antioxidants: Molecules that protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
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Calorie: A unit of measure of energy.
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Carbohydrates: Provide energy to the body.
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Carotenoids: Pigments found in red, orange, yellow foods that act as antioxidants and transform into vitamin A.
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Catabolism: Consists of destroying macromolecules into smaller molecules to release energy.
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Cholesterol: Can be found in animal foods such as eggs and red meat. High levels can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Digestion: Process by which the body breaks down food into nutrients.
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Diet: Set of foods and drinks that a person consumes regularly.
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Electrolytes: Minerals carrying an electric charge in fluids like blood, regulating fluid balance, nerve impulses, and muscle contraction.
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Energy: Fuel that the human body needs to survive and be productive.
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Fiber: Part of food that is not affected by the digestive process.
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Gluten: A protein present in cereals, such as wheat and oats.
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Glucogen: A polysaccharide composed of glucose stored in the liver and muscles, serving as a quick energy reserve for the body.
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Glucose: Main source of energy for the body's cells.
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Grasa vegetal (Vegetable fat): Unsaturated lipid that reduces bad cholesterol and prevents cerebrovascular problems.
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Hemoglobin: Protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen.
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Higiene Alimentaria (Food Hygiene): Measures to ensure food safety and prevent diseases.
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Hormonas (Hormones): Tiroxina influences the speed
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Kilocalorie: Unit of measure.
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Infección (Infection): Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in the body.
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Intolerancia alimentaria (Food intolerance): A reaction to certain foods that does not involve the immune system, causing symptoms like abdominal pain or diarrhea.
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Iodo / Yodo (Iodine): Mineral that produces thyroid hormones.
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Lácteos (Dairy products):
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Lactosa (Lactose): Carbohydrate reserve formed by glucose + galactose.
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Lípidos (Lipids): Substances that do not dissolve in water and include fats, oils, waxes, and cholesterol.
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Los micronutrientes (The micronutrients): Are small amounts of vitamins and minerals required by the body for most cellular functions.
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Macronutrients: The macro minerals are those that are needed on a large scale such as calcium, sodium, potassium among others.
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Metabolismo (Metabolism): Converting food into energy is important for energy production, growth and development, maintaining body functions.
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Necesidades nutricionales (Nutritional needs): Specific nutrient requirements (vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats) that the body needs to function correctly.
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Nutrición (Nutrition): Process by which the body uses food.
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OMS (Organización Mundial de la Salud)(WHO)(World Health Organization): An agency of the United Nations that promotes health, prevents disease, and prolongs human life.
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Oxihemoglobina (Oxyhemoglobin): When oxygen binds with hemoglobin, acquiring a bright red color.
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Peso corporal (Body weight): Key measure in assessing a person's health.
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Polifenoles (Polyphenols): Chemical compounds produced by plants, acting as a protective shield with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties.
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Potasio (Potassium): Mineral for the functioning of the body, helps to regulate the balance of liquids, the muscular function, the cardiac rhythm and the transmission of the nervous impulses.
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Prebiotico (Prebiotic): Food for intestinal probiotics.
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Proteínas (Proteins): Macromolecules composed of amino acid chains that perform essential functions such as tissue construction and repair.
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Proteína (Protein): Help to grow and repair tissue.
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Radical libre (Free radical): Highly reactive molecules that damage cells, proteins, and DNA, contributing to aging and diseases.
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Ración alimentaria (Food ration): Specific amount of food that is consumed in a single serving.
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Salud (Health): The area within nutrition is responsible for studying the relationship between nutrients and the immunity of our body.
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Signo (Sign): An objective manifestation that can be observed, measured, or clinically evaluated and indicates a nutritional deficiency or excess of nutrients in the body.
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Síntomas (Symptoms): The subjective manifestation of a disease that ONLY the patient experiences.
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Síndrome (Syndrome): A set of symptoms that occur together suggesting a disease or disorder.
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Sodio (Sodium): Mineral essential for fluid balance, muscle contraction, and nerve transmission.
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Sorbitol (Sorbitol): A sugar alcohol used as a sweetener in products for diabetics, chewing gum, and low-calorie foods.
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Taurina (Taurine): An amino acid found naturally in protein-rich foods, such as meat or fish.
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El tránsito intestinal (Intestinal transit): Is the process by which food passes through the digestive tract from when we ingest it until we discard it at the end of the intestine.
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Triglicéridos (Triglycerides): The most common type of fat in the body, serving as a long-term energy reserve.
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Vitamina A (Vitamin A): A fat-soluble vitamin, essential for vision, growth, and the immune system.
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Zinc (Zinc): Mineral found in raw oysters, seeds, meat, chicken, turkey and crustaceans