Period 6
Period 6: 1865-1898
1. Labor systems in the US.
a. Age of Industry, 2nd Industrial Revolution
i. Edison, Tesla, Bessemer, Kelly, Westinghouse, Edison
ii. Electricity, Sewing Machines, Patents, Mass Production, Telegraph
iii. Women into the work place, increased workplace diversity
iv. Railroad growth due to government subsidies opened new markets
v. Mass production, prices fall, real wages rise
b. Share-cropping in the South (tenant farming), still agrarian “New South”
2. Labor and Industrialists
a. Robber Barons or Captains of Industry
i. Carnegie, Rockefeller
ii. Gospel of Wealth, Philanthropy, Social Darwinism, gap between rich and poor grows
iii. Sherman Anti-trust Act, Interstate Commerce Commission 1887
iv. Horizontal and Vertical Integration, consolidation of businesses, increased concentration of wealth, speculation
v. Panic of 1893, speculation, review the causes
vi. US vs. E.C. Knight
b. Labor Unions
i. Socialism, Marx, means of production, capitalism
ii. Knights of Labor, Samuel Gompers, American Federation of Labor, Industrial Workers of the World, collective bargaining
iii. Railroad Strike of 1877, Haymarket Riot of 1886
iv. Populists, Immigrant labor, Chinese Exclusion Act, Settlement Houses, Jane Addams, Hull House, Social Gospel, Walter Rauschenbusch, Josiah Strong “Our Country”
3. Wild West
a. Turner’s Frontier Thesis
b. Pacification of Native Americans
i. Ghost Dancers, Sitting Bull, Geronimo, try to be autonomous
ii. Buffalo Soldiers, Custer, Decline of Bison, increased conflict
iii. Resistance, treaty violations, denying tribal sovereignty
c. Mining and Gold
d. Cowboys, Barbed Wire, Joseph Glidden, End of the Open Range
e. Agribusiness, Farm debt, Granges, “Our Country”, Sodbusters, dependence on Railroads for access to markets, populist “People’s Party”, William Jennings Bryan
f. First Transcontinental Railroad, Promontory Point Utah, Leland Stanford, Pacific Railway Act 1862
4. Presidents of Period 6
a. US Grant, Credit Mobilier Scandal, pervasive corruption
b. Rutheford B. Hayes, Corrupt Bargain, End of Reconstruction, laissez-faire
c. James Garfield, Charles Guiteau
d. Chester A. Arthur, Pendelton Act, Civil Service Reform
e. Grover Cleveland, Tariff Reform (lowering)
f. Benjamin Harrison
5. Developments in minority communities
a. Booker T. Washington, encourages advancement through education, traditional
b. W.E.B DuBois, called for equal civil rights, full economic inclusion, mildly radical, worked with NAACP
c. Urban growth attracts Asian immigration, ethnic enclaves develop
d. Political machines provide immigrants with social services (Tammany Hall)
e. Plessy v. Ferguson
6. Gilded Age
a. Tammany Hall, Boss Tweed, relationship with immigrants
b. Thomas Nast
c. Corruption, Whiskey Ring