Debates between federalist and demo rep. which are…

• american relationship between foreign powers

• the scope of federal power in their own country

Foreign power

• Barbary pirates

  • attributed to Barbary states in exchange for protection in America in ships

  • policy put in place by Washington

    • Jefferson ordered those payments to cease

      • Barbary pirates began to attack their ships, lifting their protection

  • Jefferson at the point they were getting attacked, he tried to bring an idea to reduce the payments

Demo fed.

• strict constructionist

Federalist

• strict constructionist

Louisiana purchase

• Haitians rose up to stand up against the french, and won independence

• Jefferson saw opportunity to gain navigation rights

  • sent James Monroe with 2 million dollars

    • Napoleon had little use for Louisiana, so he gave it to them for 15 million

• Deal was done, but it did not fit in his beliefs

Corps of Discovery

• traveled up the Missouri river (1806)

  • mapping of territory

  • had relations with the Indians who lived there

Marbury V. Madison

• passed the judiciary act

  • John Adams appointed federalist judges to get the job

• congress and presidency were changing over from federalist to demo rep. dominance

  • way to continue fed. influence

• James Madison refused to deliver some of the appointment

  • John Marshall leaded the court, deciding that the judiciary act Marbury did deserve his commission

    • court proclaimed that the judiciary act was unconstitutional

      • judicial review, causing Marbery would not receive his commission

    • increases power for judicial

Federal power is increasing

War of 1812

• first war we got into since the revolutionary war

  • France and Britain were fighting, later seizing America in merchant ships

    • Americans who were also moving westward would have problems with Indians, convinced that the British were stirring up this resistance

  • British ship would capture American folks for their war

• June, america declared was on Britain

  • fed were not supporting this idea

    • Met together at the Hartford Convention

      • As a result of this mess, New England should succeed to the union

  • demo rep. liked it

Consequences

• created an intense nationalism

• final itemize of the federal party

  • due to the fed. arguing about a war that they won, it was seen as greedy, and just sad in general.

    • Marked at the beginning of…

      • ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS (national unity)

• Showed America their greatest weaknesses

  • bank expired at 1811

    • weakened the countries credit due to not having a bank

  • found it difficult to move weapons

American System

• federally funded internal Improvements (denied)

• Implementation of protective tariffs (Make your own items, for cheaper prices)

• Re-establish the Bank

Missouri applying for statehood in 1890

• sellers bought enslaved people in the state, assuming it should be a slave state

  • Tallmadge amendment was added

    • prohibiting slavery in new states

  • caused a firestorm in congress due to not having a balance in states

    • (slave states → free states)

Compromise of 1820 (Missouri compromise)

• bring in Missouri as slave state while bringing in Maine as a free state, being preserved

• decided that the southern line of Missouri would now be the lines where slave and free state can be at

  • free would be on top of the line, up north

  • slave would be under the line, down south

1816 James Monroe (Dem. republic won presidency)

• John Q. Adam was sent to negotiate treaties to establish the U.S Canadian border

Monroe wanted to limit influence of Spain on the America in content

• Adam-onis treaty established

  • Spain sold Florida to the U.s establishing the location of our southern border

• Several south America in countries got independence

  • Monroe seized this opportunity

    • Established to Monroe doctrine to proclaim American dominance in Western Hemisphere

      • Claimed to make it free from European influence

Market Revolution

• linking of northern industries with western and southern farms which was created by advances in agriculture, industry, communication, and transportation

  • new tech. helped this revolution

    • machines likes…

      • Cotton Gin

        • Sped up process to take out seeds in cotton

      • Spinning Machine

        • Sped up process to spins cotton as yarn

Interchangeable parts

• machine were able to produce bulks of items, such as muskets, and then assemble them

  • became basis of manufacturing in America

• Steam Boats helped

  • can flow in both directions

• Canals would help transportation

  • dug around the whole nation

    • 1820-30 railroads became to replace canals

      • local + state would give loans to do this

• America is now more connected

Industrial cities exploded (population wise and diversity)

• 2 million immigrants showed up from Germany and Ireland

  • settled at eastern

  • others migrated west

  • transformed the urban land base

    • • Diseases would spread rapidly, sanitation was bad, and would live in cramped areas as it was the only area they could live in

• Able to re-establish cultural things from their countries here

  • Nativity disliked them (white people.)

    • Protecting the interest of native born people

Growing middle class such as…

• lawyers

  • business men

    • shop keepers

      • doctors

        • journalist

Women during this period

• cult of domesticity

  • idea was that their sense of purpose was to make the house a haven of rest for her husband, and child baring

    • The husband part of the place was to work outside

• Sexes were separated

Lower classes

• women had to work to help their husband

Democracy

• people who could vote were property owning white male (rich white men)

  • seen as “elite”

Panic of 1819

• due to irresponsible banking and the decreased demand for exports

  • labor men would be hit hardest

    • demanded to vote

• 1825 most eastern states had lowered/eliminated the property calcification

  • led to big growth due to mass voting

Election of 1824

• split democrats republican party

  • National Republicans

    • Expansive view of federal power

    • Loose constructionist

      • also known as federalist

    • John Q. Adams and Henry Clay

  • Democrats

    • Restrictive view of federal power

    • Struct constructionist

      • also known as anti-federalist

    • Andrew Jackson

      • Got mass support

• Adam was made president due to the house of representative voting him

  • Spew grew as Jackson did not win, calling it corrupt bargain

Election of 1828

• Democratic and Republicans picked the same people

  • Jackson won

Jackson presidency

• Parties shifted

  • New party called the Whigs was created

    • led by Henry Clay

Tariff of 1828 (tariff of abominations)

• raised import to 50%

  • northern many and west farmers loved it due to it protecting their industries

  • southern disliked it

• Congress reaffirmed this tariff

  • Johncy Canhoon (Jackson vice president) who is a South Carolinian

    • says that they should nullify the tariff

      • South Carolina did not pay the taxes

Force bill

• gave Jackson the federal troops to enforce federal law

  • also lowered the tariffs

• South Carolina nullified this also.

second bank of the United States

• state banks started closing due to not being able to pay the national bank

  • left with worthless paper

    • Jackson said that the bank favored the elite over ordinary citizens

      • thought to correct it

• National bank was gone

Indian Removal Act (1830)

• Cherokee nation located in Georgia

  • declared itself as a govern nation

    • Georgians did not see it this way, seen more as guest

Worcester V. Georgia

• Court ruled Cherokee nation was sovereign and Georgia did not have the right to impose state laws within their boundaries

  • 1835 us official went to meet with them to sign a treaty

• Treaty of New Echota

  • Exchanged Cherokee land in Georgia for reservation territory west of the missisipi river

    • forced removal started for those who did not move, also known as

      • the Trail of Tears

Americas Identity

• through language, art, philosophy and religion

  • Americas dictionary expanded throughout schools

    • to show pronunciation and spelling of words

• Transcendentalism

  • emphasized the transcendent power and beauty of nature

    • Ralph Waldo Emerson

      • beloved that moral perfection can be achieved in the US

• Hudson river school

  • painted romanticized landscapes

• Utopian communities

  • influenced by euro intellectuals and us values

    • Oneida Community

      • were convinced that the second coming of Christ has already occurred

      • tried to live in perfect equality

  • complex marriages…

• second great awakening

  • would preach all day

  • camp meetings included EVERYONE (blacks, whites, women, etc)

    • Charles Finney would “show” images that common folks can understand

    • preaching went across many cities

• Preachers were emphasizing the moral predetermination of society

  • Temperance movement

    • crusaded saints the consumption of alcohol

1826 Temperance society

• to working class men who abused alcohol

• goal for absence of alcohols

Mormonism

• founded by Joseph Smith

  • created the book of Morman, which he claimed that he had the word of God

• was linch later on

The liberator

• argued that white folks should have s stand against slavery

• created the America in anti slavery society

• northern merchants feared abolitionist because of the effects on the cotton and sugar change

• white working men felt threatened because they’re jobs could be imperial

• women supported abolitionism

  • but they could not advocate due to their place as women

    • They saw that they needed more rights

1848 women gathered

• first women rights in America

• called for women equality in education, rights to vote, etc

1830, plantations expanded

• created wealthy plantations

• enslaved laborers kept their communities alive

  • sang songs, etc

1831 Nat tuners’s rebellion

• a slave revolt

• end of rebellion killed 50 white people

• Tuner and his followers were hanged publicly

• increased fear of southerners which made them enforce harsher environments

Most southern farmers did not own slaves, called the Yeoman Farmers

• believed in slavery still

• southern farmers moved west due to land changing