Periods 1 and 2
Period 1: 1491-1607
1. Native Americans
a. Nations, competition, and cooperation
b. Environment: shaped by and shaping
c. Three Sisters method of farming
d. “Adapt to and transformed by the environment…”
e. Maize South to North/Economic development
f. Great Basin – Nomadic, Plains – Nomadic, follow buffalo
g. Buffalo, smh…
2. Spanish
a. Co-mingling
b. Encomienda
c. Pueblo Revolt
d. Bartolome de las Casas and Juan Gines de Sepulveda
3. What causes migration from Europe to the New World?
a. Overcrowding in European cities
b. Enclosure movement
c. Desire for profit, joint stock companies
d. Religious disagreements
e. Desire to convert others
f. There may be gold
g. Mercantilism
4. Difference between Columbian Exchange and Triangular Trade.
a. CE: Plant and animal and disease exchange.
b. Triangular Trade
i. Europe to New World: Manufactured goods
ii. New World to Europe: Sugar, Rum, Cod
iii. New World to Africa: Guns, Iron, Beer, Cloth
iv. Africa to New World: Gold, Ivory, Spices, Wood
v. New World to Africa: Rum
vi. Africa to New World: Slaves, Gold
5. Politics and Religion of New World settlers
a. House of Burgesses: first political body in America
b. Mayflower Compact: first political document in America
c. Fundamental Orders: first true constitution in America
d. 1619: Dutch introduce slavery to British North America
e. Tobacco introduced in 1612
f. Separatist and Non-Separatist Puritans vs. Church of England
g. Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism
h. Anne Hutchinson and Antinomianism
i. 1622 Pequot War
j. Spain to the South – Georgia as a Buffer Colony, James Oglethorpe
k. Bacon’s Rebellion and the concerns about controlling the lower classes
l. French Mercantilism(?) and Catholicism
m. Spanish Conquest, Conversion, and Control
n. De Las Casas and Sepulveda
6. Describe cooperation, competition, interaction, and conflict among empires, nations, and people groups influenced the political, social, and economic development of North America. SALUTARY NEGLECT!!
7. Explain how patterns of exchange, markets, and private enterprise developed and how governments responded to these issues.
8. Why is 1491 important?
9. Importance of Columbus. What does “discovery” mean?
10. Encomienda: Pope’s rebellion, Treaty of Tordesillas
Period 2: 1607-1754
1. Religion and Democracy: Why Christians might be predisposed to Democracy.
2. Settlers vs. Indians: disease, guns, and land
3. Salem Witch Trials:
a. economic causes (moral vs. market economy)
b. social causes (old town vs. new town, age difference, farmer vs. merchant, fear of the “other”)
c. environmental factors (wheat mold?)
d. Inherited Culture – witches in the Bible (2 Sam), Medieval belief
4. First Great Awakening
a. George Whitefield: New Light, Enthusiasm
b. Jonathan Edwards: Old Light, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
c. Predestination and knowing who is in the club
d. Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism
e. First spontaneous movement in North America/Greater authenticity in religion
5. Regional differences: Northern, Middle, Southern Colonies / Seasonal trades, Tobacco and varied ag and mild, Cotton – Indigo – Rice Indentured Servitude and slavery, hot
6. Growth of Slavery in the Southern Colonies
a. Hereditary, Race based, permanent
b. Purchased and Imported
c. Value increases
d. Failure of Indentured Servitude
7. Describe the creation of colonial self-rule in the face of Britain’s lax attention to colonial development. (Salutary Neglect)
8. Describe the growth of differing labor systems in North America.
North – trades, shipping, free labor, Mid – Indentured Servitude, Contract labor, South- Slavery
9. Explain how group identities (racial, ethnic, class, regional, economic) emerged and changed over time.
10. Crafting an elite class: who will be in charge? Adult, white, male, landowners.