APUSH 7.0 Notes

Spanish-American War (1898) – A war between the U.S. and Spain over Cuban independence; resulted in U.S. acquiring Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.

Teller Amendment (1898) – Stated that the U.S. would not annex Cuba after winning the war.

Platt Amendment (1901) – Allowed U.S. intervention in Cuba and established Guantanamo Bay.

Treaty of Paris (1898) – Ended the Spanish-American War; Spain gave up Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the U.S.

Rough Riders – A volunteer cavalry unit led by Theodore Roosevelt that won the Battle of San Juan Hill.

Yellow Journalism – Sensationalized and exaggerated news stories (by Hearst & Pulitzer) that fueled support for war with Spain.

USS Maine (1898) – U.S. battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor, sparking the Spanish-American War.

Anti-Imperialist League – A group that opposed U.S. expansion, believing it violated American democratic ideals.

Philippine Insurrection (1899-1902) – A war fought by Filipinos against U.S. rule after Spain ceded the Philippines to America.

Guerrilla Warfare – A form of irregular warfare using ambushes and hit-and-run tactics, used by Filipino rebels.

Open Door Policy (1899) – U.S. policy ensuring equal trade access in China and preventing European monopoly. Created by Sec. of State John Hay.

Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901) – Anti-foreigner uprising in China, crushed by an international force including U.S. troops.

Big Stick Diplomacy – Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy of negotiating peacefully while maintaining a strong military presence.

Roosevelt Corollary (1904) – An extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the U.S. could intervene in Latin America to prevent European interference.

Monroe Doctrine (1823) – U.S. policy warning European powers not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere.

Great White Fleet (1907-1909) – A fleet of U.S. battleships sent around the world by Roosevelt to demonstrate U.S. naval power.

Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) – A war between Russia and Japan over control of Manchuria and Korea; Roosevelt brokered the Treaty of Portsmouth.

Treaty of Portsmouth (1905) – The peace treaty ending the Russo-Japanese War, negotiated by Theodore Roosevelt.

Panama Canal (1914) – A man-made waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, built by the U.S.

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901) – Agreement between the U.S. and Britain allowing the U.S. to build and control the Panama Canal.

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903) – Gave the U.S. control over the Panama Canal Zone in exchange for financial compensation to Panama.

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850) – Agreement between the U.S. and Britain stating that neither would build a canal without the other’s consent.

Dollar Diplomacy – President Taft’s policy of using economic investment rather than military force to influence Latin America.

Gentlemen’s Agreement (1907) – Agreement between the U.S. and Japan where Japan limited emigration to the U.S. in exchange for fair treatment of Japanese Americans.

Root-Takahira Agreement (1908) – U.S. and Japan agreed to respect each other’s Pacific possessions and uphold the Open Door Policy in China.

Yellow Peril – A racist belief that Asian immigrants posed a threat to Western civilization and jobs.