ARH 315 Study

Italian Renassiance/Mannerism 

Brunelleschi, Duomo, Santa maria del fiore  

Vasari description- Sent to us by heaven- new building technique 

First dome on a communal building 

- Michelangelo finished it 

For the Medici Family (powerful family, many popes) 

Brunelleschi, San Lorenzo 

Rounded arches, flat ceiling 

70 ft nave (AMIENS 140 FT) 

Coffers on the ceiling 

Crossing sqaures (4 bays 20 coffers) 

Basilica plan  

Clerestories 

Dark and heavy architecture (during Gothic era) 

Long and narrow nave 

BRUNELLESCHI STARTED LINEAR PERSPECTIVE ( NOT VERY ACCEPTED AT START) 

Michelozzo, Medici Ricardi Palace 

 Xxxxx 

L.B. Alberti, sant' Andrea 

Intellect architect( gave arch importance) 

Wanted Ideal Church 

Like St. Peters 

Start of cross shapes planned churches (pain and suffering) 

Start of the centrally planned 

Darkness amplifies the mystery 

Bramante, Tempietto 

Sculptural  

Marks were St. Peter was Crux. 

Domed and centrally Planned 

Lantern 

Drum 

Martyrium 

Collonade 

Start of the rise of the popes power 

Bramante Plan For Saint Peter's 

One of the 5 variations 

Very brutalist (similar to Michealangelo (was Built)) 

Sharp corners 

Colossal Order Pilasters 

Michealangelo St. Peters Plan 

Based off of bruneleschi  

Lantern 

dormers 

ribs 

garlands 

Round and triangular pediments 

Paired columns 

Centrally Planned 

Michelangelo, Vestibule(ricetto) Laurentians Library 

Columns in the crevices of the walls 

Not proper classicism 

Transitional space 

Fake windows 

Appears 3 stories high 

Drawn out staircase 

Grey stones(Pietra Serena) 

Palladio, Redentore 

On the water 

Dome 

Long nave 

Stacked pediments (5 on one façade) 

Palladio, villa rotunda 

Started as ag. function 

Symmetrical 

Outside Vincenza  

Relaxing space (Country home) 

Cube with a dome on top 

4 elevated entrances 

5 sculptures on pediments o each side 

FORM OVER FUNCTION (SHOULD BE REVERSED) 

AFRICA/AMERICAS 

Nomadic/portable/impermanent architecture 

Tents (lasts 20 years) (women made) 

Sheep wool, camel hair. Rope/twine 

Nomad dwelling 

Rooms- social functions 

Peaked and domed 

Circled layout/ animals in the center 

Tipis (north native) 

Blackfoot/ crow/ cheyennee  

Made of 30+ animal hides 

Cardinal directions (doors – East) 

Men decorated tipis 

Depict animals/hunting 

Natural paints/pigments 

Claimed shelters 

Wigwams (long houses)  

Domed structure 

More permanent  

Wood w/ bark/straw mats on interior floor 

Would sleep on the ground 

More labor intensive- longer lifespan 

Iglus (igloos) 

15 blocks wide by 12 blocks high 

Good insulator 

Underground passage/structure 

Interconnected structure through tunnels 

Could reach 90 degrees inside 

Batammaliba houses 

African homes 

Monogamous (Social structure of single family (Nuclear Family)) 

Earth and thatch  

Un walled villages 

Single entrances 

Divided among gender lines left- female   right-male 

Upstairs females jobs 

Organization represented female anatomy 

Great Mosque, Djenne 

Arabian + west African Architectureal styles 

Assymentrical 

Courtyard entrance 

Foundation for cleansing 

Oriented towards Mecca 

Qibla faces the market square 

Practical and political decision 

Classical 

St georges church 

Monalith structure 

Hindu inspired 

Holy Jerusalem- came in a dream 

Pilgrammage site 

Carved into sandstone 

40 ft deep trenches 

Concentric cross on the roof 

Greek cross more plus like 

Latin longer tail- basilica plan churches 

Tenochtitlan  

Center of the Mexican empire 

Present day mexico city'in 1519 only 200k inhabitants 

Hawk with snake in claws on a cactus- place to settle 

Basin w/ volcanos surrounding 

Cosways- bridgelike walkways 

Gridded cellular buildings 

Stone w/ mud and sticks 

Schools and farms 

Advanced plumbing 

Ballcourts zoos plazas 

Has pyramid social structure 

Flat top pyramids 

Go like figure on the top- often leaders 

Acoma pueblo 

"Sky city" 

Harsh desert 

Rural area (mesa) 

Oldest continuously occupied city 

Prospect refugee 

Have to climb to enter, on top of mesa 

Gridded (rectangular buildings) 

Adobe roofs 

Men- foundation and bricks 

Women- plaster 

Second homes (vacation homes) 

Ladder entrance from above ( more security) 

No interior circulation 

San Estevan 

Dark building with bright alter 

Baroque Architecture start 

Similar to St. Peters 

Has two towers (Symmetrical) 

Raised on holy ground 

Plaza in the front ( draws in Worshippers)  

Baroque Architecture 

Irregular pearl 

Religious response to Protestantism 

Martin Luther 

1545 priest 

Fought irregularities  

Lutherism 

Era of conquering  

Showing the truth 

Ecstasy of St. Theresa  

Baroque – Maxamist Classicism  

Mix of material and media 

Material- store/plaster 

Media- painted plaster, stone that is painted like plaster 

Pavilion in the center 

Windows- hidden brings in light 

Bounces off rods and marble 

Behind the throne 

Mimics sunlight rays 

St. Thereas  

Stabbed by angel and burned 

Elaborate robes 

Bernini- replicated the burning in order to paint the image of the burned skin 

Piazza del popolo 

Large gates 

3 main architects  

2 matching churches ( line roads) 

Center of egyptian obulus 

Center of the Chrisitan pilgrimage 

St. Peters piazza and colonnade 

Piazza- views the pope's blessing 

Oval- encourages movement 

Favorite shape if baroque 

colonnade 

Doric order columns 

More masculine 

St. Peters façade and nave 

Narthex entrance porch 

Very large 

Dome- 40 stories high (448 ft tall) 

Holds relic 

Shows the passion of Christ 

`interior Solomonic columns – wavy (suggests movement) 

Canopy 

Bronze and gold 

Flora leaves 

Bees carved (barbarini- bee is family image) 

Borromini, San Carlino alle Quattro Fontane 

Taller 

Baroque/gothic 

Clerestory 

Corinthian Columns 

More exotic 

Less color 

Smaller chapel 

No side chapels 

Axis and central plan 

White with gold accents 

Octagonal coffers 

Represents weeks (octagonal) 

Dramatic architectural elements 

Versallies gardens and grounds 

Tryium- courtyard space 

Kings apartment 

Center of the nation 

parteries 

Lawns and gardens 

Styling into shapes (embrodery patterns)  

Topiary- Tree carving/scultures 

Versailles Palace 

20 miles form the city 

Different from Italian Baroque 

2 stories and attics 

Paired columns like St. peters 

Rounded arch windows 

Interior 

High relief statues 

Parque floors 

Silver and gold 

mirrors 

Many frescos 

tapestries 

Shows power and authority 

Two salons – war., peace 

Used for survalliance experiment 

Many outdoor rooms 

Hall of mirrors 

Chandeliers 

Barrel vaults 

Orange trees (notable) 

Gold statues 

Mirrors- rare 

Captures energy 

Associated with Venus 

One side with all mirrors/ other with glass 

Hotel de soubise, Salon de la Princesse 

Rococo Style- more feminine 

Grand style  

aristocratic 

Paris after 1715 

natural inspiration 

Reckless linearity 

Love,beauty,life 

upstairs 

Wifes entertaining area 

Instrument shapes in the decoration 

White and gold 

Curved forms 

Mirror lined 

First design without the classical feature3s 

No columns or entablatures 

Start of adding more colors and feminine elements  

Forbidden City, Bejing 

Wall protection 

Streets are facing north and south 

Centrally planned  

Has a moat protected exterior 

Vierzehnhelign (14 saints) 

Cross shaped  

No lavish décor on the inside 

"cloud like'- pastel color palette 

No classical columns 

OTTOMAN TURKEY/PERSIA/INIDA 

Topkapi Saray 

More lavish gardens 

Wall protection 

Crenellations 

Elaborate entrance with spots for arches on the top 

Triyum 

Has the 4 courtyards 

Located next to water 

Suleymaniye Mosque 

Inspired by the Hagia Sophia 

Ottoman Islamic 

4 minarets 

(2(250') 2(180') 

Square and dome 

Mountain like 

Complex (Culture and health) 

Architect- sinan 

Cami- mosque 

Madrasa-school 

Hama- bathhouse 

Caravansaruy- lodging and stables 

Tubesi- tombs 

Imaret- hospital 

Many water features 

Protects private conversation (noise block) 

Many mosaics 

Red and white 

Structural rationalism (shows the structure) 

maiden.