Notes

• The Election of 1800 was a turning point in history

• Jefferson wanted to reverse Federalist policies by reducing the size and cost of the national government

• Jefferson believed the gov had become too powerful

• Jefferson cut the size of the army and eliminated taxes on whiskey, slaves, and property

• Jefferson let the Bank of the U.S. expire

• Jefferson focused on paying down the federal government’s debt

• Jefferson believed that America should be an “agrarian republic” that protects liberty

• The population grew and people moved west

• congress approved the purchase of Louisiana from the French for $15 million (3 cents an anchor)

• the Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the USA.

• Jefferson used the elastic clause to buy the Louisiana Purchase despite his beliefs of a strict constitution.

• Jefferson did not grant foreigners citizenship despite his beliefs in protecting liberty.

• The British navy impressed more than 1000 American merchant sailors per year from 1803-1807

• in 1807 Jefferson ordered an embargo and banned all US trade with England and France

• The embargo hurt the US more than England or France

• the embargo failed so Jefferson had to increase the gov and military size

• Madison was well qualified, he was the architect of the Constitution, served in Congress, and served as Jefferson’s secretary of state

• England and France continued to violate American free trade

• The British Navy continued to impress American merchants

• Many Congressmen called “War Hawks” demanded war with Britain to defend US Honor

• Patrism surged as Americans claimed the War of 1812 was a “Second American Revolution”

• war of 1812 went terribly in the early years

• The British attacked and burned the national capital of Washington, D.C

• in 1814, Britain and the USA signed the Treaty of Ghent

• Before news arrived of the treaty, the Americans beat the British at the Battle of New Orleans

• General Andrew Jackson emerged as a war hero

• The victory at New Orleans led many Americans to feel as though they won the war

• treaty of Ghent ended the war but It did not address trade rights or other causes of the War

• The War of 1812 had important effects on America

  • Americans were united in a sense of nationalism (believing they had beaten the British)

  • America entered an “Era of Good Feelings”

  • This ended the Federalist Party and industry increased

  • Monroe’s presidency helps the government

• Monroe’s goals at present were to promote national unity and America’s place in the world

• Monroe and the Republicans in Congress promoted nationalism & American unity in 3 ways

  • Government

    • Increase the power of the national gov’t over the states

      • John Marshall (1801-1835) used the Supreme Court to strengthen the power of the national government

  • Economy

    • Encourage industry and transportation to link the South, North, and West

      • in 1816, Congressman Henry Clay proposed the American system to unify the economies of the North, South, and West

        • Protective Tariffs: To support American industries by taxing imported goods.

        • Internal Improvements: Investment in infrastructure like roads and canals to facilitate trade.

        • National Bank: Establishing a strong national bank to stabilize the currency and provide credit.

    • Foreign Policy

      • Expanding America’s borders and increasing America’s role in world affairs

        • Americans flooded into the west

        • Economic and territorial growth created new states

        • in 1818, the USA and Britain agreed to establish the Canadian border at the 49*

• The American System allowed the USA to create a national market economy for the first time

• The Monroe Doctrine warned European nations that the USA would protect the Western Hemisphere and that the US would not interfere in Europe

• The Era of Good Feelings was a time of nationalism, but there were growing problems between the North and South (called sectionalism)

• Northerners & Southerners disagreed over slavery, taxes, and the role of government

• When Missouri applied to become a U.S. state, sectionalism emerged

• Presidents in order of Most to Least Successful

  • 1. Jefferson

    • Louisiana Purchase

    • Eliminated tax on whiskey

    • reduced national debt

  • 2. James Monroe

    • acquistion of Florida

    • Monroe Doctrine

    • Settlement of Boundary Issues with Britain

  • 3. James Madison

    • second bank of the US

    • Foreign Policy

    • Infrastructure and internal improvements

Dates

• 1800-1860: Early Antebellum Era

• 1800: Revolution of 1800

• 1812-1815: The War Of 1812

• 1801: Jefferson’s inaugural address

• 1801-1809: Thomas Jefferson Presidency

• 1809-1817: James Madison Presidency

• 1817-1825: James Monroe Presidency

• 1825-1829: John Quincy Adams’ Presidency

• 1829-1837: Andrew Jackson’s Presidency

• 1803: Ohio Is created

• 1792: Kentucky is created

• 1796: Tennessee is created

• 1803: Louisiana Purchase

• 1807: England/France Embargo

• 1814: Treaty of Ghent

• 1818: Canadian borders are made

• 1819: Adams-Onis Treaty

• 1823: Monroe Doctrine

Vocab

• Agrarian Republic - subsistence agriculture, family farming, widespread property ownership, and political decentralization.

• Embargo - to cut off trade

• The American System was an economic plan proposed by Henry Clay in the early 19th century to promote national economic growth.