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Photosynthesis in Plants

• Definition: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

• Equation: The overall process can be summarized by the equation:

• Light Reactions: Occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.

  • Convert light energy into ATP and NADPH.

  • Water molecules are split, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

• Calvin Cycle (Light-independent Reactions): Takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts.

  • Uses ATP and NADPH from light reactions to convert CO2 into glucose.

• Importance: Provides energy for plants and is the foundation for the food chain, releasing oxygen necessary for most life on Earth.