Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution

1.  Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? England

2.  What two places did it spread to? Western Euro and the US

3. Prior to the Industrialization   ->  After Industrialization

4. Define Industrialization: The process of replacing human and animal power with machine power

5. Define Enclosure Movement: Wealthy landowners buy up land from poor farmers and closed it in fences

6. Where did poor unemployed framers move due to the enclosure movement? The city

7. Increased food production meant less farmers were needed on farms.

8. Unemployed famers were a cheap source of labor in cities.

9.  England had abundant natural resources such as rivers, coal and iron.

10 a. Who invented the Spinning Jenny? James Hargraves

      b. The Spinning Jenny made textiles faster then could be make with animal or human power.

11. Who invented the Steam Engine? James Watt

12. The new factory system replaced the old cotton industry.

13. What did workers use in factories to produce large amounts of goods? The factory system

14. Where did much of England’s cotton come from? Plantations in the south

15. Who invented the Cotton Gin? Eli Whitney

16. What was the effect of the Cotton Gin on slavery in the US? The demand for slave labor was increased

17. What two forms of transportation used the steam engine? Steam boats and railroads

18.  What was the named of the process that made cheap and strong steel? The Bessemer Process

19. Who invented the smallpox vaccine? Edward Jenner

20. Who discovered bacteria? Louis Pasteur

21. What effect did the Industrial Revolution have on city population? It increased

22. What happened to standard of living for many in the Industrial Revolution? It increased

23. What happened to travel times during the Industrial Revolution? Travel was faster

24. As child labor ended at the conclusion of the Industrial Revolution what did children do instead? Go to school

25. What class of people saw their numbers increase during the Industrial Revolution? Middle class

26. What type of pollution increased during the Industrial Revolution? Environmental

27. How did factory workers feel at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution? Dissatisfied

28.  Think of the game we played in class, what was the name of the growth of cities that occurred during this time? Urbanization

Industrial Revolution: Society

29. What were agricultural (pre-Industrial Revolution) economies based on? The family unit

30. The Industrial Revolution placed new demands on the labor of men, women, and children.

31. Workers organized labor unions to fight for improved working conditions and workers’ rights.

32. Family-based cottage industries displaced by the factory system

33. List three things workers faced working in the factories and mines of the IR? Heat, loss of limbs, and death

34. Many workers were forced to work in company towns where the company owned everything and the workers were perpetually in debt.

35. How much did children earn on average a day for working? $0.40-$1.00

36.  What happened to slavery in the 1800s in most industrialized nations? It was outlawed

37. What legally ended slavery in the US? The 13^th amendment

38. What expanded with the reform of child labor at the end of the IR? Education

39. Define suffrage: Womens right to vote

40. What did women have to do to gain the right to vote? Protest and lobby

41. Who is this champion of women and worker’s rights? Susan B Anthony         

42. Which amendment made woman suffrage legal in the US in 1920? The 19^th amendment

42. What did labor unions demand?  (Two specific things…) Increased wages and improved worker conditions

43. How did Gov’t and business often respond to strikers? Violently

44. What did unions lobby for? For laws to improve the lives of workers

43. What is an example of the violence that often broke out between workers and government? The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Industrial Revolution: Economic Systems

44. What economic system is based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit? Capitalism

45. Who is the “father” of capitalism? Adam Smith

46. What book did the “father” of capitalism write? The Wealth of Nations

47. This book argues that capitalistic countries are wealthier than those who are not.

47. What did it say business should do to gain each costumer’s money? Compete

48. By during the answer to #47 businesses will be able to provide better goods and services that are better and less expensive than their competition. 

49. What does Laissez-Faire mean? Hands off

50. Under the economics of capitalism the government does not interfere in the economy

51. Who determines price in capitalism? The businesses

52. Capitalism had the positive effect that Competition led to…progress

53. What fueled the IR? Capitalism

54. Some saw an increase in…wealth

55.  A negative of capitalism is that many poor workers were dissatisfied with their working conditions, and the unequal distribution of wealth.

56. Define Socialism: A shared economic responsibility of the people for the benefit of all of society

57. Who was an Irish politician, suffragist and socialist who fought for Irish Independence.  The first women elected to UK’s House of Commons (Parliament) and first female cabinet member in Europe? Countess Markievicz

56. In socialism the government regulates the economy, it does not control it entirely.

57. In socialism the gov’t provides and runs social programs (ex. Social Security) to protect and provide for citizens. 

58. Today socialism is a mixed economic system.  He government regulates things but also allows private ownership and a competitive marketplace.

59. Define Communism: An economic system where the gov’t regulates everything and everything is shared 

60. Who are the “fathers” of Communism? Karl Marx and Frederick Engels

61. What two books are associated with Communism that they wrote? Das Kapital and The Communist Manifesto

62. Communism was a reaction to the injustices of the IR and Capitalism.   Specific injustices relate to wealth imbalance between rich and poor.

63. IR intensified class struggle (rich bs poor).

64. In communist theory what were the “have-nots” called? Proletarians

65. What were workers told they needed to do to redistribute (=share) wealth? Enact violence to the rich

66. Under communism what should cease to exist? Rich and poor

67.  What gov’t shows this not to be true? USSR