unit 4 (copy)

Jacksonian Democracy

Election 1824

• All 4 candidates Democratic Republicans: John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William Crawford, Henry Clay

• Adams - Favors loose construction

• Jackson - favors states rights

• Election too close to call ( house of rep decides winner)

• Clay backs Adams

• Adams wins, Henry Clay becomes secretary of state

• Corrupt Bargain - Jackson Believes that Clay only supported Adams so that Adams would make him Secretary of State.

Election 1828

• Jackson wins - symbol of american democracy

• democratic party is formed

• Jackson appeals to and unites southern planters and northern common people

• Jackson supports: strong states, weak federal government

• democrats revamp party: party discipline, public rallies/conventions, professional politicians/managers

• Spoils system - rewarding supporters with government jobs

Election 1832

• Henry clay - whig candidate

• Andrew Jackson - democratic candidate

• Jackson wins

• Jacksons policies: Undermines 2nd national bank by withdrawing federal funds and putting them in state banks, state banks expanded

• ends in high inflation + weakened economy

Election 1837

• Martin van Buren becomes president

• Panic of 1837 - worst depression in US history. Results from Jackson meddling with the banks and refusing to accept loan payments in federal dollars

Election 1840

• Martin van Buren (democrat)

• William Henry Harrison (whig)/John Tyler

• Winners: Harrison and Tyler

• Famous Slogan - Tippecanoe & Tyler too

• Harrison dies after 1 month in office from pneumonia

• Tyler becomes Pres. - rejects the whig policies

  • Vetoes National Bank and American System

Native American Indian Removal

5 “civilized” nations in south removed

• Cherokee

• Creek

• Chickasaw

• Choctaw

• Seminole

Removed from:

• Georgia

• Florida

• Alabama

• South Carolina

• North Carolina

Adopted white culture (what makes them civilized)

• Established schools

• Owned land

• Practiced Christianity

• Formed Constitutional republics

• Sequoyah invented the Cherokee alphabet and writing system

Whites covet Indian lands

• 1827-1830

  • Georgia, Mississippi, and Alabama dissolve their land treaties with the southeastern native american tribes

• Indian Removal Act (Jackson supported)

  • Trade indian lands in the southeastern US for land in the west

• Indians appeal to John Marshall & supreme Court

  • Worchester v Georgia: sides with the Indians - it is unconstitutional for states to dissolve treaties

• “Trail of Tears”

  • Forced march of 1600 Cherokee from homes to OK

  • Jackson ignored Marshalls ruling and forced the march

  • 4000 Cherokee men, women, and children died along the way

    • disease

    • starvation

    • weariness

    • exposure

Nationalism

Glorification of the Nation

• Dominant political force after war of 1812

• “Era of Good Feelings”

Domestic Policy

• Leading political party - Democratic Republicans

• President - James Monroe

• Leading Advocate - Henry Clay

• Supreme Court Justice - John Marshall

Foreign Policy

• Vice president - John Quincy Adams

• General - Andrew Jackson

• Florida Indians - Seminole

John Marshall: Supreme Court decisions

• Marbury v Madison (Judicial Review)+ Gibbons v Ogden (interstate Commerce) - boosted power of federal gov

• McCulloch v Maryland (Federal law>state law) + Fletcher v Peck (states cannot interfere in business contracts)

Foreign Policy by John Quincy Adams

• Adams-Onis Treaty

  • Attacks Seminole Indians

  • Seizes Spanish forts

  • Get Florida

  • Give Texas

• Monroe Doctrine

  • European powers stay out of America

  • US stay out of European affairs

• Other issues:

  • Boom Bust cycles

    • Alternating phases of economic growth and decline

  • Economic Panics

  • American Art and Literature

    • Literature reflects nationalist spirit

    • James Fennimore cooper - 1st American Novelist

    • Hudson River School - American Landscapes