Upper Limb Anatomy Overview

Upper Limb Anatomy Overview

Forearm

• The forearm is the region of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist.
• It consists of two bones:
  • Radius: located on the lateral (thumb) side, primarily involved in the wrist's rotation.
  • Ulna: located on the medial (pinky) side, providing structural stability.
• Muscles of the Forearm:
  • Divided into:
  • Anterior compartment (flexors): responsible for flexing the wrist and fingers.
  • Posterior compartment (extensors): responsible for extending the wrist and fingers.

Hand

• The hand contains numerous bones and joints that allow for dexterity:
  • Carpals: 8 bones that make up the wrist.
  • Metacarpals: 5 bones that form the middle part of the hand.
  • Phalanges: 14 bones in the fingers (3 in each finger, 2 in the thumb).
• Functional Aspects:
  • Enables grip and manipulation of objects.
  • Important for articulation and sensitivity.

Wrist

• The wrist is the area connecting the forearm to the hand, comprising:
  • Carpal bones: facilitate flexibility and movement.
• Joints Involved:
  • Radiocarpal joint: allows movement of the wrist.
  • Midcarpal joint: contributes to the wrist's range of motion.

Elbow

• The elbow is a hinge joint that connects the forearm to the upper arm:
  • Comprised of three bones: humerus (upper arm), radius, and ulna.
  • Allows for flexion and extension of the forearm.
• Ligaments of the Elbow:
  • Ulnar collateral ligament: provides stability to the inner side of the joint.
  • Radial collateral ligament: stabilizes the outer side.

Summary

• Understanding the anatomy of the upper limb is vital for recognizing how different parts work together for various movements and functions. Focus should be placed on the relationships between the forearm, hand, wrist, and elbow, including bones, muscles, and joints.