Animal Repro/pregnancy

Identify the primary female and male reproductive structures and their associated functions

FEMALE

What is the main funciton of the ovary? Produces female oocytes (sex cells) and hormones. Most mamals have two

What is the main function of the oviduct? Site of fertilization (where sperm and egg meet not where sperm enters) connected to the ovary.

What is the main function of the uterus? Fetal development after fertilization, where the AI site of sperm deposition happens

What is the main funciton of the cervix? barrier to protect fetus and the inside repro tract; can be opened or closed (Closed during pregnacy, open during breeding)

What is the main purpose of the vagina? the female copulatry (sex) organ; the site of natural breeding sperm deposition

What is unique about the hen’s reproductive system? One ovary, embryotic development happens in the egg instead of in the body

MALE

What is the main function of the testicles? Site of spermatazoa production and hormone production

What is the main function of the epididymis? Stores, concentrates, and transports the sperm.

What is the main function of the scrotum? outside covering of the testicles, regualtes temperature by descending or contracting

What is the main function of the vas defrens/deduct defrens? transports the sperm

What are the male acessory glands? Seminal vesicle, cowpers gland/bulbourethral gland, prostate gland.

What are the main functions of the acessory glands? Add fluid, buffers, and nutrients and finally becomes semen

What is the main funciton of the penis? the male copulatory (sex) organ, delivers semen during natural breeding.

What is unique about the roosters reproductive tract? Phallus penis, unequal testicles, no scrotum, concentrated semen

Describe the source, target, and functions of the primary hormones affecting reproduction

What does GnRH do? Sourced from the Hypothalamus; Targets the anterior petuitairy and releases FSH and LH

What does LH do? Sourced from the anterior petuitairy; targets the ovary/testes; functions include ovualtion, CL formation, progesterone/testostorone production

What does FSH do? Sourced from the anterior petuitairy; targets the ovary/testes; functions as the folicle stimulating hormone and aids in folicular development, estrogen production and spermatogenesis

What does Estrogen do? Sourced from the folicle and placenta; targeting the uterus, hypothalamus and mamary tissue; functions in stimulating mating behavior and GnRH release

What does testostorone do? sourced from the testies; targets the skeletal muscle, and seminiferous tubles; functions to aid in anabolic growth and spermatogenesis

What does progesterone do? sourced from teh CL and placenta; targets the uterus and hypothalamus; functions to maintain pregnancy and inhibits GnRH

What does PGF2α do? Sourced from the uterine endometrium; targets the CL, uterus, grafian folicles; functions to regress the CL, uterine contractions and ovulation

What is estrous? the entire cycle of heat and ovulation

What is estrus? standing heat

What is the polyestrus? having multiple heats per year

What is monoestrus? having only one heat per year

What is the average length of estrous for bovine? 21 days

what is the average length of estrus for bovine? 18 hours

what is the average length of gestation for bovine? 285 days (~9 mo)

What is the avg length of estrous for sheep? 17 days

What is the duration of estrus for sheep? 30 hours

What is the avg gestation length for sheep? 147 days

what is the avg estrous length for horses? 22 days

what is the avg estrus length for horses? 7 days

what is the avg gestation length for horses? 335 days (~1 year)

What is the avg length of estrous for a pig? 21 days

what is the avg length of estrus for a pig? 60 hours

What is the avg gestation length for pigs 3 mo, 3 wk, 3 days (~114 days)

What is the avg estrous length for goats? 21 days

what is the avg estrus length for goats? 39 hours

what is the avg gestation length for goats? 150 Days

Pregnancy and Parturition

What is the placenta and why is it important? membrane system that happens during pregnancy; provides protection exchange of nutrients from mother to embryo

What is the chorion? outside layer of placenta that attatches to the mother

What is the allantoic membranes? layer between the chorion and amnion

what is the amnion? layer that forms against the fetus and protects it

What is partruition? process of having the offspring

How is partruition dictated? By the offspring. Affecting factors are movement, levels of cortizol, oxytocin and PGF2α, relaxin being produced

What is relaxin? hormone that relaxes the ligaments and tendons so the mother can give birth

What is the first stage of partruition? The cervix dilates: mother becomes uncomfy and begins positioning herslef, fetus begins repositioning

What is the 2nd stage of partruition? Waterbag (amnion) appears and breaks: leads to delivery of the offspring, can last 30 min to a couple hours

What is the 3rd stage of partruition? Expulsion of the afterbirth: All remaining placenta is delivered

REPRODUCTION