Speech disorders unit 1 exam

what is a speech sound disorder persistent difficulty with speech sound production interfering with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication of messages which organ is for sound and it is suspended by what? larynx; muscles & ligaments attached to U shaped hyoid bone cartilages of the larynx thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis, cuneiform, arytenoid،corniculate structures of the oral cavity -tongue lips soft palate jaw hard palate alveolar ridge teeth definition of a phoneme a family of speech sounds members of which are perceived to as belonging in the same how to describe breathing during speech production -diaphragm contracts to increase the size of the thorastic cavity- air from the outside enters the lungs when the diaphragm relaxes air is expended from the lungs vocal folds vibrate what is speech The physical production of sounds using the vocal tract language A structured system of communication un which is rule-governed, as it uses words, grammar, as well as meaning in order to convey ideas at what age does speech become nearly 100 percent intelligible 5 years old rhyme correspondence of sound between words or endings of words syllable awareness the ability to identify & manipulate syllables in spoken words what is phonology the study of sound patterns found in all languages & the speakers knowledge of those patterns what are the five infraphonological 1. phonation stage (0-2m) -reflexive sounds -quasi-resonant nuclei vowel like sounds 2. primitive articulation stage (1-4m) -cooing/going -back sounds emerge /g/,k 3.expansion (3-8) -vocal play -fully resonant nuclei- true vowels appear 4. canonical babbling (5-10m) -re duplicated and variegated babbling 5. integrate stage (9-18m) age of acquisition age (2) p,b,d,m,n,h,w age (3) y,f,ng, g, k age(4) v,s,z,sh,ch,j,l age (5)-voiced (th), zh, r age (6)- voiceless list all the front vowels -high /i/ -high /İ/ -high-mid /e/ - phonological patterns that disappear by age 3 -unstressed syllable deletion -final consonant deletion -doublijg -diminutizatoon (e.g doggie) -velar fronting -consonant assimilation -reduplication patterns that persist past the age of three prevocalic voicing epenthesis (puhleez for please) vocalization (laduh/ for ladder) stopping (pan/fan) depalatization (fit/fish/ final devoicing (bat/bad) rhyme correspondence of sound between words or the endings of words alliteration figure of speech that involves repeating the same or similar sounds at the beginning of words syllable awareness the ability to identify & manipulate syllables in spoken onset the division of syllable into two parts (onset & initial consonant) what is phonetic awareness awareness of understanding how words are made up of sounds such as syllables, rhymes & phonemes children's intelligibility at different ages 19-24 months 25-50% 2-3 yrs 50-75% 4-5 yrs 75-90% 5+ 90-100% characteristics of functional ssd (four) -substitution affecting phonemic contrast -omissions/deletions -distortions -additions Functional SSd error types (3) independent articulation errors phonological rule based error patterns idiosyncratic error patterns normative studies different studies report somewhat different ages for mastering speech sounds older studies report slightly higher ages of mastery than the more recent ones what does prelinguistic mean? stage of communication before a child acquires & uses language how do infants localize sounds (list the stages) 0-1 m reflective responses & inconsistent head turns 1-3 m increased awareness of sound/familiar voices 4-6 m improved localization skills, responding to their name (head turns, brain detects difference in the time it takes for a sound to reach describe protophones speech like sounds infants produce before they can speak progressive idioms they can be considered a phrase implying a continuous action or ongoing development (manipulating phonemes) characteristics of first true words (more open or closed syllables?) clear intention, consistent phonetic forms Characteristics of articulation & phonological disorders -No known cause -Occurs around 3-21 years of age Functional vs. organic disorders f: no known anatomical, physiological, or neurological basis that my have behavioral or emotional components (stuttering) o: known anatomical, physiological, or neurological basis (cleft palate)