Final Exam Part 1

FINAL EXAM PREPARATION:

To help you prepare for the final cumulative exam (all chapters included), you are provided with key topics to study from each chapter.

Here are some topics you can focus on from the chapters you have already studied:

Chapter 1:

1. Steps of scientific method (Scenario based questions)

2. Variables of experiment (Independent variable, dependent variable)

3. Properties of living organisms.

Chapter 2:

1. What are the major elements of life?

2. Atoms, what is it made of? Atomic number, Isotopes

3. Properties of water

4. Different types of chemical bonds (how are they formed)

Chapter 3:

1. What are the four major groups of biological molecules? (monomers, polymers, their key functions)

2. Dehydration synthesis

3. Hydrolysis

Chapter 4:

1. Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

2. Plasma membrane (Structure, different membrane proteins)

3. Endomembrane system (cellular organelles of this system and their functions)

4. Nucleus

Chapter 5:

1. Energy, Potential energy vs Kinetic energy

2. Thermodynamics laws: law of conservation of energy, Entropy

3. Enzymes: What are these molecules, how do they function?

4. Passive transport: diffusion, facilitated diffusion.

Chapter 6:

1. Cellular respiration: Location and equation (reactants and products)

2. Differences and similarities of aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration

3. Stages of cellular respiration: Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

Chapter 7:

1. Photosynthesis equation: Location and equation (Reactants and Products)

2. Photosystem, pigments

3. Stages of photosystem: Light reactions and Calvin cycle. (Starting and end molecules)