Unit 1.02 Overview Health Science Honors

Key Sections

  • Anatomical Positions

    • Standard Anatomical Position: Facing forward, feet flat, arms out, palms facing forward.

    • Prone: Lying on the stomach, often used for neck and spinal surgeries.

    • Supine: Lying on the back, easy to remember as "you're on your spine".

    • Trendelenburg: The table or bed is tilted so the head is lower than the feet, usually used as an emergency treatment for hypotension or shock.

    • Fowler’s: Sitting position with three variations:

      • Low Fowler’s: 30-degree angle.

      • Fowler’s: 45-degree angle.

      • High Fowler’s: 90-degree angle.

  • Directional Terms

    • Anterior/Ventral: Toward the front.

    • Posterior/Dorsal: Toward the back.

    • Cranial: Toward the head.

    • Caudal: Toward the tail end.

    • Superior: Above or toward the top.

    • Inferior: Below or toward the bottom.

    • Medial: Toward the middle.

    • Lateral: Toward the side.

    • Proximal: Closest to the point of attachment.

    • Distal: Farthest from the point of attachment.

    • Superficial: On the surface.

    • Deep: Inside.

  • Body Planes

    • Imaginary lines that divide the body:

      • Sagittal Plane: Divides the body side to side.

      • Frontal (Coronal) Plane: Divides the body front and back.

      • Transverse Plane: Divides the body top and bottom.

  • Body Cavities

    • Ventral (Front) Cavities:

      • Thoracic: Contains heart, lungs, bronchi, trachea, esophagus, thymus.

      • Abdominal: Contains stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, large and small intestines, appendix.

      • Pelvic: Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum.

      • Abdominopelvic: Combined abdominal and pelvic cavities.

    • Dorsal (Back) Cavities:

      • Cranial: Contains brain.

      • Spinal: Contains spinal cord.

  • Abdominal Quadrants

    • Four subdivisions of the abdomen using the navel as a landmark:

      • Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ): Liver, stomach, gallbladder, duodenum, right kidney, pancreas, right adrenal gland.

      • Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ): Appendix, reproductive organs, right ureter.

      • Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ): Liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, left adrenal gland.

      • Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ): Left ureter, reproductive organs.

  • Abdominal Pelvic Regions

    • Right and Left Columns:

      • Hypochondriac Regions (Left and Right): Below the cartilage of the ribs.

      • Lumbar Regions (Left and Right): Near the lower back vertebrae.

      • Iliac Regions (Left and Right): Near the iliac crest of the hip bone.

    • Middle Column:

      • Epigastric Region: Above the stomach.

      • Umbilical Region: Contains the navel (umbilicus).

      • Hypogastric Region: Below the stomach.

Hector Loves Isabel Every Unceasing Hour.

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