Unit 2-3 Test
Define the following terms | |
Locard exchange principle | whenever objects come in contact with each other, there is a cross-transfer/exchange of evidence |
CSI Effect | tendency of the public to believe that every crime scene will yield forensic evidence and their unrealistic expectations that a prosecutor’s case should always be bolstered and supported by forensic evidence |
The Frye Standard | Scientific evidence is allowed into the courtroom if it is generally accepted by the relevant scientific community. The jury decides if it can be used |
The Daubert Ruling | The judge decides if the evidence can be entered into the trial. Admissibility is determined by if the technique can be tested, peer reviewed, follows standards, has widespread acceptable, and an acceptable rate of error |
Forensic Science | the study and application of science to connect a violation of law to a specific criminal, criminal act, or behavior and victim |
Data | Information gathers during an experiment |
Scientific Method | A process using logical steps to find answers to questions |
Hypothesis | Educated guess |
Miranda Rights | You have the right to remain silent, anything you…… |
Observations | Information gained through our senses |
Courtroom Stakeholders: Summarize the duties of the following | |
Defense | Reviews cases for potential trial issues, prepares case, makes evidentiary challenges based on case law |
Forensic Scientist | Collects, processes, and interprets evidence, prepares reports, testifies to jury about evidence as an expert witness |
Judge | Researches case law, reviews motions, monitors the trial |
Prosecutor | Reviews cases for potential trial issues, prepares case, defends evidentiary challenges based on case law |
Police/Investigator | Manages the crime scene, oversees evidence collection, writes warrants, makes arrests |
Explain the following Amendments | |
4th | regulates evidence collection and provides guidelines to search and seizure |
5th | prohibits self-incrimination, double jeopardy, and mandates due process of law |
6th | provides the rights to a speedy trial, an impartial jury, a defense attorney, arraignment, and to face witnesses |
7th | provides the right to a trial by peers and a definite & final verdict |
Careers: Summarize the duties of the following careers | |
Crime Scene Investigator | Specially trained personnel who retrieve evidence and have all the proper tools and supplies for proper collection and packaging of evidence at their disposal. |
Criminalist | Works primarily with the physical evidence to analyze, identify, and interpret items that may help solve a crime. |
Forensic Anthropologist | Strong background in anatomy, biology, and bones. Studies the human skeleton system mainly to help identify deceased remains that are skeletonized. |
Forensic Psychologist | Studies of mental processes and behavior as it pertains to civil and criminal matters. |
Criminologist | Studies the psychology and behavior of criminals |
Forensic Pathologist/Medical Examiner | Perform autopsies and determines the cause of death |
Forensic Serologist | Studies DNA, blood types, and heredity and applies them to evidence |
Coroner | Typically transport corpses from the crime scene to the morgue; some aid in the death investigations |
Explain the following legal terms | |
admissible | Acceptable as evidence in court. Obtained lawfully |
Arraignment | a formal reading of a criminal charging document in the presence of the defendant to inform the defendant of the charges against him or her |
Plea bargain | an agreement there the defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge and the prosecutor drops more serious charges to avoid the cost and time of a trial |
Due process | everyone must be treated the same |
Double jeopardy | a person who is found innocent of a crime cannot be put on trial again for that same crime |
Search warrant | a judicial order that authorizes law enforcement agencies to conduct a search of a location/person and to seize any evidence of a criminal offense |
1. Differentiate between infraction, misdemeanor, and felony.
2. Under what circumstances are a search warrant not needed? If consent is given, someone is in immediate danger, after an arrest, if evidence is in plain view, if there is reasonable suspicion
3. What are the three requirements for evidence to be admitted in court? Must be obtained legally, be probative – prove something, and material – be relevant to the crime
Define the following terms | |
Locard exchange principle | whenever objects come in contact with each other, there is a cross-transfer/exchange of evidence |
CSI Effect | tendency of the public to believe that every crime scene will yield forensic evidence and their unrealistic expectations that a prosecutor’s case should always be bolstered and supported by forensic evidence |
The Frye Standard | Scientific evidence is allowed into the courtroom if it is generally accepted by the relevant scientific community. The jury decides if it can be used |
The Daubert Ruling | The judge decides if the evidence can be entered into the trial. Admissibility is determined by if the technique can be tested, peer reviewed, follows standards, has widespread acceptable, and an acceptable rate of error |
Forensic Science | the study and application of science to connect a violation of law to a specific criminal, criminal act, or behavior and victim |
Data | Information gathers during an experiment |
Scientific Method | A process using logical steps to find answers to questions |
Hypothesis | Educated guess |
Miranda Rights | You have the right to remain silent, anything you…… |
Observations | Information gained through our senses |
Courtroom Stakeholders: Summarize the duties of the following | |
Defense | Reviews cases for potential trial issues, prepares case, makes evidentiary challenges based on case law |
Forensic Scientist | Collects, processes, and interprets evidence, prepares reports, testifies to jury about evidence as an expert witness |
Judge | Researches case law, reviews motions, monitors the trial |
Prosecutor | Reviews cases for potential trial issues, prepares case, defends evidentiary challenges based on case law |
Police/Investigator | Manages the crime scene, oversees evidence collection, writes warrants, makes arrests |
Explain the following Amendments | |
4th | regulates evidence collection and provides guidelines to search and seizure |
5th | prohibits self-incrimination, double jeopardy, and mandates due process of law |
6th | provides the rights to a speedy trial, an impartial jury, a defense attorney, arraignment, and to face witnesses |
7th | provides the right to a trial by peers and a definite & final verdict |
Careers: Summarize the duties of the following careers | |
Crime Scene Investigator | Specially trained personnel who retrieve evidence and have all the proper tools and supplies for proper collection and packaging of evidence at their disposal. |
Criminalist | Works primarily with the physical evidence to analyze, identify, and interpret items that may help solve a crime. |
Forensic Anthropologist | Strong background in anatomy, biology, and bones. Studies the human skeleton system mainly to help identify deceased remains that are skeletonized. |
Forensic Psychologist | Studies of mental processes and behavior as it pertains to civil and criminal matters. |
Criminologist | Studies the psychology and behavior of criminals |
Forensic Pathologist/Medical Examiner | Perform autopsies and determines the cause of death |
Forensic Serologist | Studies DNA, blood types, and heredity and applies them to evidence |
Coroner | Typically transport corpses from the crime scene to the morgue; some aid in the death investigations |
Explain the following legal terms | |
admissible | Acceptable as evidence in court. Obtained lawfully |
Arraignment | a formal reading of a criminal charging document in the presence of the defendant to inform the defendant of the charges against him or her |
Plea bargain | an agreement there the defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge and the prosecutor drops more serious charges to avoid the cost and time of a trial |
Due process | everyone must be treated the same |
Double jeopardy | a person who is found innocent of a crime cannot be put on trial again for that same crime |
Search warrant | a judicial order that authorizes law enforcement agencies to conduct a search of a location/person and to seize any evidence of a criminal offense |
1. Differentiate between infraction, misdemeanor, and felony.
2. Under what circumstances are a search warrant not needed? If consent is given, someone is in immediate danger, after an arrest, if evidence is in plain view, if there is reasonable suspicion
3. What are the three requirements for evidence to be admitted in court? Must be obtained legally, be probative – prove something, and material – be relevant to the crime