Grammar study guide

☆Add to it as you see fit☆

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• Infinitive- the “to___” form of a verb

  • To eat, to play

  • Ex. Little Timmy hates to walk.

• Participle-  Verbs that act as adjectives

  • The running man ran into Sophie

• Gerund- ‘-ing’ verbs that function as noun

  • Playing the game is better than studying

• Phrase- a group of words that function as a single part of speech

• Clause- a group of words with a subject and predicate  

• Appositive- noun phrases

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•  Sentences

  • Simple- 1  independent clause

  • Compound- 2 independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction

  • Complex- one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses

  • Compound Complex- 2 or more independent clauses and 1 or more dependant clauses

• Types of clauses

  • Adverb Clauses

    • Can appear anywhere in a sentence 

    • Begins with a subordinating conjunction

      • As Although After While While When Unless Because Before If Since

  • Adjective clauses

    • Directly follows the noun it modifies

    • Starts with relative pronouns

      • Who, whom, which, that

  • Noun clauses

    • Who, that, whoever introduces the noun clauses

    • Functions as one of the 6 parts of speech

    • You can replace it with a pronoun and it would still make sense

  • REMEMBER NO VERB=NO CLAUSE

• Prepositional phrases

  • Begin with a preposition

  • Adverb Prepositional phrase

    • Right behind a verb

    • Provides more information about the verb that it modified

  • Adjective Prepositional phrase

    • Renames a noun

    • Follows a noun

• SPECIAL TIPS

  • Indirect object requires a direct object, yet the opposite isn't true

  • No complement is in a prep phrase

  • DO and IO always appear with action verbs

  • PN and PA always appear with linking verbs

  • Words do not equal the amount of clauses

Practice sentences

Compliments

Have you been ill? 

Give me the schedule.

Will Jessica become president?

The radio broadcasted a story every tuesday.

Phrases

I wanted to eat the cake, but my mom said no.

Diagramming sentences for my teacher is my favorite thing to do.

Flying airplanes is not easy to learn.

**Challenge: When I looked under the hood of the car, I found J Tilly crouched 

down there with a Jimmy John’s sub and Titanic: Director’s Cut.

Clauses

I went to town to visit my grandma

I met a cute dog, and I was able to pet it.

My mom yelled at me, even though I did nothing wrong.

I think that I am a simp for Tom Cruise, but he is a Scientologist.