Untitled Flashcards Set

Which of the following is a reason for studying perception?

a. To become more aware of your own perceptual experiences.

b. To provide information that may help with a future career.

c. To apply perception to everyday problems, such as highway sign visibility.

d. All of these.

ANS: D REF: Why Read Book

The study of perception can overlap with

a. medicine. c. philosophy.

b. computer science. d. all of these.

ANS: D REF: Why Read Book

Which of the following is NOT a category of the stages in the perceptual process?

a. Stimuli c. Serendipity

b. Neural Processing d. Behavioral Responses

ANS: C REF: Perceptual Process

______ is the step in the perceptual process that is analogous to an ATM withdrawal

(pressure from button press becomes electrical energy then becomes a mechanical

response resulting in the dispensing of money).

a. Knowledge c. Action

b. Transference d. Transduction

ANS: D REF: Receptor Processes/Transduction

The specific term for the “stimulus on the receptors” in visual processing is the

a. transduced image. c. visual image.

b. environmental stimulus. d. perception.

ANS: C REF: Stimuli

The image projected on the retina is best described as a ______ of the actual stimulus.

a. representation. c. replication.

b. environmental stimulus. d. scale model.

ANS: A REF: Stimuli

Which brain structure is responsible for creating perceptions and producing other “high”

level functions such as language, memory, and thinking?

a. Brain stem c. Hypothalamus

b. Cerebral cortex d. Occipital lobe

ANS: B REF: Neural Processing

Visual form agnosia is a problem of the ______ step of the perceptual process.

a. action c. transduction

b. attention d. recognition

ANS: D REF: Behavioral Responses

Which of the following best describes the steps of the perceptual process?

a. The steps are unidirectional, starting at the environmental stimulus and

ending at perception.

b. The steps are unidirectional, starting at the environmental stimulus and

ending at knowledge.

c. The steps are unidirectional, starting at transduction and ending at

recognition.

d. The sequence of steps is dynamic and constantly The physiological level of analysis involves the relationship between

a. stimulus-and-physiology.

b. physiology-and-perception.

c. stimulus-and-perception.

d. both stimulus-and-physiology and physiology-and-perception.

ANS: D REF: Approach Study of Perception

Kimmy is casting shadows on the wall and watching whether her cat Tiger jumps at the

shadows or not. She uses different hand motions to see if there is a difference in whether

Tiger jumps or not. Kimmy is informally studying which relationship?

a. the stimulus-physiology relationship c. the stimulus-perception

relationship

b. the physiology-perception

relationship

d. all of these

ANS: C REF: Approach Study of Perception

Cognitive influences affect the _______ level of analysis.

a. physiological c. both physiological and

psychophysical

b. psychophysical d. neither physiological and

psychophysical

ANS: C REF: Approach Study of Perception

The psychophysical method in which stimuli of varying intensities are presented in

ascending and descending orders in discrete steps is called the method of

a. limits. c. searching.

b. constant stimuli. d. scaling.

ANS: A REF: Determining Threshold

The difference between the method of limits and the method of adjustment is that, in the

method of adjustment, stimulus intensity is changed in a _______ manner.

a. stepwise c. continuous

b. bivariate d. discrete

ANS: C REF: Determining Threshold

Of the three classical psychophysical methods, the method of constant stimuli

a. is most accurate, but takes the most amount of time.

b. is least accurate, but is the fastest.

c. is the fastest and most accurate method.

d. is the least accurate and takes the most amount of time.

ANS: A REF: Determining Threshold

Demetri is a participant in an auditory detection study using the method of constant

stimuli. He never detects the 10 unit tone. He detects the 20 unit tone 25% of the trials. He

detects the 30 unit tone 50% of the trials. He detects the 40 unit tone 80% of the trials. He

detects the 50 unit tone 95% of the trials. His threshold for hearing tones would be taken

as the

a. 15 unit tone. c. 30 unit tone.

b. 20 unit tone. d. 55 unit tone.

ANS: C REF: Determining Threshold

A soup company wants to develop a “reduced-salt” version of their traditional minestrone.

Which of the following would be the best first step to take?

a. find taste-testers who have agnosia

b. measure the amount of “cross-talk” using the method of adjustment

c. determine the absolute threshold for salty taste using the method of limits

d. determine the Weber’s fraction for salty taste

ANS: D REF: Determining Threshold

Which of the following methods are used to measure the quantitative relationship between

the stimulus and perception?

a. description c. reflection

b. the phenomenological method d. classical psychophysical methods

ANS: D REF: Measuring Thresholds

Fechner’s psychophysical methods

a. are important from a historical perspective, but are no longer used in

contemporary research.

b. were developed in the early 1960s.

c. showed that mental activity cannot be measured quantitatively.

d. are currently used to test a person’s hearing and vision.

ANS: D REF: Measuring Thresholds

The first step in the procedure for ____________ is to present the participant a “standard

stimulus” and assign a numerical value to that stimulus.

a. the method of limits c. the method of adjustment

b. the method of constant stimuli d. magnitude estimation

ANS: D REF: Estimating Magnitude

Chapter 2:

Our perception of the environment depends on

a. the properties of the objects in the environment.

b. the properties of the electrical signals in the nervous system.

c. both the properties of the environmental objects and properties of the

electrical signals in the nervous system.

d. none of these are true.

ANS: C REF: Starting at the Beginning

Visible light is between _____ and ____ nm within the electromagnetic spectrum.

a. 100; 400 c. 500; 1000

b. 400; 700 d. 900; 1500

ANS: B REF: Light: Stimulus for Vision

A wavelength of 100 nm would fall in the ______ range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

a. X-rays c. infrared rays

b. ultraviolet rays d. gamma rays

ANS: B REF: Figure: Electromagnetic Spectrum

Light can be described in terms of wavelength, or as consisting of small packets of energy

called

a. photons. c. ions.

b. electrons. d. pulsars.

ANS: A REF: Light: Stimulus for Vision

The distance at which the lens can no longer bring a close object into focus is called the

a. far point. c. high point.

b. near point. d. coupee point.

ANS: B REF: Light Focused by the LASIK surgery is used to treat _______ by cutting a small flap in the _________.

a. myopia; cornea c. hyperopia; cornea

b. myopia; lens d. presbyopia; lens

ANS: A REF: Myopia

Individual suffering from myopia may have difficulty seeing _______ objects clearly. Often

times they are also referred to as being _______.

a. nearby; farsighted c. distant; farsighted

b. nearby; nearsighted d. distant; nearsighted

ANS: D REF: Myopia

Vera has hyperopia, and tends to get headaches when she reads. This is because

a. Vera also has presbyopia and has

the constant need to accommodate.

c. Vera has just had LASIK surgery and

her ciliary muscles are damaged.

b. Vera also has myopia and is unable

to accommodate.

d. Vera is 5-years-old and lacks the

visual acuity to read.

ANS: A REF: Hyperopia

_______ reacts to light to start the process of transduction.

a. Opsin c. Choroid

b. Retinal d. Thyric acid

ANS: B REF: Transforming Light to Electrical Energy

The isomerization of a single pigment molecule triggers what is best described as a

a. chain reaction. c. hyperactive potential.

b. ballistic expansion. d. hypopolarization wave.

ANS: A REF: Transforming Light to Electrical Energy

In the early stages of _______, peripheral rod receptors are destroyed leading to poorer

peripheral vision.

a. macular degeneration c. presbyopia

b. retinitis pigmentosa d. retinal hypopolarization

ANS: B REF: Distribution of Rods and To isolate the rod portion of the dark adaptation curve, researchers

a. use rod monochromats as the participants.

b. present the stimulus foveally.

c. present the stimulus in the periphery.

d. use cone monochromats as participants.

ANS: A REF: Measuring Rod Adaptation

The “rod-cone break” in the dark adaptation curve occurs after about ___ in the dark.

a. 30 seconds c. 7 minutes

b. 2 minutes d. 30 minutes

ANS: C REF: Measuring Rod Adaptation

When visual pigments become bleached they are

a. dead. c. color sensitive.

b. fully regenerated. d. detached from the opsim.

ANS: D REF: Visual Pigment Regeneration

Rushton demonstrated that the physiological mechanism behind dark adaptation is

a. visual pigment regeneration. c. modular organization.

b. the enzyme cascade. d. photon remission.

ANS: A REF: Visual Pigment Regeneration

Cone spectral sensitivity is measured by having the observer

a. look up and blink. c. look directly into a light.

b. look straight forward without

blinking.

d. look to the side of a flashing light.

ANS: C REF: Measuring the Spectral Sensitivity Curve

The peak in the spectral sensitivity curve is about _____ for the rods, and about _____ for the

cones.

a. 700 nm; 400 nm c. 500 nm; 560 nm

b. 450 nm; 800 nm d. 600 nm; 450 nm

ANS: C REF: Spectral Sensitivity Curve