apush units 1-3 sequencing
Encomienda System - 1503: A labor system instituted by the Spanish crown that allowed colonists to demand tribute and forced labor from indigenous people in exchange for providing them protection and Christian education.
Protestant Reformation - 1517: A major religious movement initiated by Martin Luther's 95 Theses, which challenged the practices of the Catholic Church and sought reform, leading to the establishment of various Protestant denominations.
Asiento System - 1518: A system established by Spain to regulate the slave trade in the Americas, where the Spanish crown authorized certain merchants to supply enslaved Africans to Spanish colonies.
Valladolid Debate - 1550: A debate in Spain over the treatment of indigenous peoples in the Americas, primarily between Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, who argued for their subjugation, and Bartolomé de las Casas, who advocated for their rights and humane treatment.
Jamestown established - 1607: The first permanent English settlement in North America, located in Virginia, which struggled initially due to lack of food, conflicts with indigenous peoples, and disease.
Mayflower Compact - 1620: An agreement made by the Pilgrims on the Mayflower to create a self-governance system, establishing a foundation for democracy in the New World.
Great Migration - 1630s: A significant movement of Puritans from England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony, seeking freedom from religious persecution.
Bacon’s Rebellion - 1676: An armed rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon against the colonial government in Virginia, largely over issues of governance, land, and relations with Native Americans.
Salutary Neglect - 1714: A period during which England allowed its colonies considerable autonomy and self-governance as long as they remained loyal and economically beneficial to the British Empire.
Albany Plan of Union - 1752: A proposal by Benjamin Franklin to unify the American colonies for mutual defense and governance which ultimately failed to gain approval, but served as an early attempt at colonial unity.
Great Awakening - 1730s: A religious revival movement that emphasized personal faith and emotional connection to God, leading to increased church attendance and the formation of new denominations.
Stamp Act - 1763: A British law imposing a direct tax on the colonies, requiring them to use stamped paper for legal documents, newspapers, and other publications, which sparked widespread protests.
Treaty of Paris - 1763: The agreement that ended the French and Indian War, recognizing British dominance in North America and resulting in territorial changes in favor of the British.
Boston Tea Party - 1773: A protest by the American colonists against British taxation where members of the Sons of Liberty dumped tea into Boston Harbor as a direct action against the Tea Act.
Intolerable Acts - 1774: A series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in response to the Boston Tea Party, including closing Boston Harbor and revoking Massachusetts' charter, which galvanized colonial opposition.
Common Sense published - 1776: A pamphlet by Thomas Paine that argued for independence from Britain, influencing public opinion in favor of revolution among the colonists.
Declaration of Independence - 1776: The document adopted by the Second Continental Congress declaring the thirteen American colonies independent from British rule, articulating principles of individual rights and government by consent.
Shay’s Rebellion - 1787: An armed uprising by Massachusetts farmers protesting economic injustices and the foreclosures of their farms, highlighting weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation and leading to calls for a stronger central government.
Ratification of the Constitution - 1789: The process through which the U.S. Constitution was accepted, establishing the framework for the federal government and replacing the Articles of Confederation.
Whiskey Rebellion - 1791: A violent tax protest in the United States during the presidency of George Washington, prompted by a tax on whiskey, which demonstrated the federal government's ability to suppress dissent and enforce its laws.
Alien & Sedition Acts - 1798: A series of laws passed by the Federalist-controlled Congress that aimed to restrict immigration and limit free speech, particularly targeting political opposition.
Encomienda System - 1503
Causes: The Spanish crown sought to colonize the Americas and needed a system to control indigenous populations for labor and tribute.
Effects: Led to the exploitation and decline of indigenous populations, cultural disruption, and established a precedent for forced labor systems in colonial America.
Protestant Reformation - 1517
Causes: Discontent with Catholic Church practices, corruption, and the desire for religious reform led by Martin Luther.
Effects: Resulted in the formation of various Protestant denominations, altered European politics, and inspired colonists seeking religious freedom, influencing future migrations to America.
Asiento System - 1518
Causes: Demand for labor in Spanish colonies grew as they expanded, leading to the need for a regulated slave trade.
Effects: Institutionalized the African slave trade, further contributing to the exploitation of enslaved Africans and shaping colonial economy and demographics.
Valladolid Debate - 1550
Causes: Increasing moral and ethical concerns about the treatment of indigenous peoples in the Americas, influenced by Enlightenment thinking.
Effects: Highlighted the ideological divide in colonial attitudes towards indigenous people, leading to some reforms in treatment and sparking ongoing debates about colonization.
Jamestown established - 1607
Causes: Competition among European powers for land and resources and the desire for new opportunities led to founding the first permanent English settlement.
Effects: Marked the beginning of successful English colonization, with both struggles and advancements that shaped future colonies and interactions with Native Americans.
Mayflower Compact - 1620
Causes: Pilgrims sought self-governance and religious freedom as they fled persecution in England.
Effects: Established a basis for democratic governance in the New World and influenced future governmental frameworks in colonies.
Great Migration - 1630s
Causes: Religious persecution in England, particularly against Puritans, prompted many to seek a new life in America.
Effects: Increased the population and cultural influence of Puritans in the New World, significantly shaping the social and political landscape of New England.
Bacon’s Rebellion - 1676
Causes: Frustrations with colonial government in Virginia over land policies, governance, and relations with Native Americans.
Effects: Exposed tensions between different social classes and colonial governance, leading to changes in policies regarding Native Americans and a shift towards African slave labor.
Salutary Neglect - 1714
Causes: Britain’s focus on European affairs allowed American colonies to operate with greater autonomy.
Effects: Fostered a sense of independence among colonies, which would later contribute to the desire for self-governance and revolution against perceived British encroachments.
Albany Plan of Union - 1752
Causes: The need for mutual defense among colonies against French and Native American threats during the colonial conflicts.
Effects: Although it failed to gain approval, it laid the groundwork for future attempts at colonial unity and cooperation.
Great Awakening - 1730s
Causes: Decline in religious fervor and church attendance prompted a movement for spiritual renewal and personal faith.
Effects: Increased church attendance, challenged established authority, and helped forge a stronger sense of a shared American identity among colonists.
Stamp Act - 1763
Causes: Britain's need to raise revenue after the French and Indian War led to direct taxation of the colonies.
Effects: Sparked widespread protests, ultimately contributing to resentment against British rule and helping to unify the colonies in opposition to Britain.
Treaty of Paris - 1763
Causes: The conclusion of the French and Indian War, which altered territorial control in North America.
Effects: Established British dominance in the Americas but heightened tensions with colonists over new taxes to pay for military protection and territorial administration.
Boston Tea Party - 1773
Causes: Colonial frustration with British taxation without representation, especially regarding tea.
Effects: Escalated tensions between Britain and the colonies, leading to harsher punitive measures by Britain and unifying more colonists against British rule.
Intolerable Acts - 1774
Causes: British response to the Boston Tea Party intended to punish Massachusetts and re-establish control.
Effects: Galvanized colonial opposition to British rule and led to the First Continental Congress as a unified colonial response.
Common Sense published - 1776
Causes: Growing frustration with British rule and the desire for independence among the colonists.
Effects: Influenced public opinion and inspired revolutionary fervor leading up to the Declaration of Independence.
Declaration of Independence - 1776
Causes: Escalating conflicts and the desire for independence sparked by events like the Stamp Act and Intolerable Acts.
Effects: Officially declared the colonies’ independence from Britain, establishing foundational principles of democracy and individual rights.
Shay’s Rebellion - 1787
Causes: Economic distress among Massachusetts farmers and frustrations over debt and taxes highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
Effects: Exposed the need for a stronger central government, leading to the Constitutional Convention and the drafting of the U.S. Constitution.
Ratification of the Constitution - 1789
Causes: The failures of the Articles of Confederation and the need for a stronger federal structure to manage the country effectively.
Effects: Established the U.S. Constitution as the framework for the federal government and ensured the balance of power within the system.
Whiskey Rebellion - 1791
Causes: Resistance to a federal tax on whiskey that many frontier farmers saw as unfair and economically burdensome.
Effects: Tested the resolve of the federal government to enforce its laws and highlighted tensions between rural and urban interests.
Alien & Sedition Acts - 1798
Causes: Political tensions and fears surrounding immigration and dissent during a time of potential conflict with France.
Effects: Restricted political opposition and civil liberties, contributing to growing political divisions and debates over individual rights and federal authority.