According to the author, the claim of _________ is crucial to the history of human rights.

Answer: self-evidence

For the author, a human right becomes most relevant when…?

Answer: we feel horrified by its violation

In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson lists a series of "facts" that detail…?

Answer: Injuries committed by the King of England

In the years just before the American Revolution, the American colonists started embracing the ideals of universal rights as a foundation for declaring independence. This had a great advantage over simply expanding the existing "rights of Englishmen," which would have merely led to what political outcome?

Answer: Minor reforms

The author argues that human rights emerged in the late 18th century, partly due to the rise of a political ideal of moral autonomy. Moral autonomy in this sense included what?

Answer: Reason and Independence

According to Douzinas, human rights have become an ideological justification for Western capitalism. True or False?

Answer: True

When discussing the "end of human rights" Douzinas suggests that in the post-9/11 era, even some liberal commentators have admitted that ______ trumps human rights.

Answer: Security

The author outlines 6 of the common and sometimes contradictory uses of the term "human rights." Which of the following is NOT listed among these uses?

Answer: Human rights are a clear and self-evident set of rules

In the text, the author describes negative rights as "blue" and positive rights as "red." What are negative, or "blue," rights?

Answer: Civil and political rights

What approach does Douzinas use to complicate and question the traditional linear history of human rights?

Answer: A genealogical approach

According to the author, oppression has two meanings in its traditional usage?

Answer: Tyranny and colonial domination

The Marxist idea of class is important because it helps reveal the structure of which of the five forms of oppression?

Answer: Exploitation

Defining groups as aggregates or associations are examples of what the author calls…

Answer: Methodological individualism

According to the author, theories of justice often leave out acts of violence because such theories often incorrectly assume that violence is…?

Answer: An individual act

Which of the five forms of oppression creates what W.E.B. Du Bois called "double consciousness"?

Answer: Cultural Imperialism

The Holocaust was different from historical forms of mass violence because it replaced rage and mob violence with what?

Answer: bureaucracy and obedience to authority

For Bauman (1989), without ____________ there would be no Holocaust

Answer: modern civilization

Bauman claims that, within the German bureaucracy, moral responsibility was replaced with what?

Answer: technical responsibility

According to Bauman (1989), in 1941 the Holocaust was…?

Answer: unimaginable

What occupational metaphor does Bauman use to describe the logic of "modern genocide"?

Answer: The gardener

According to Chapter 1 of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Report, Canada, Australia and New Zealand are distinct from other countries in the former British empire because they are..?

Answer: settler colonies

What doctrine, which gave European powers right to indigenous lands, was partly based on the assumption that these lands were terra nullius?

Answer: The Doctrine of Discovery

According to Patzer (2014), the Supreme Court of Canada has been reluctant to characterize the residential school system as whole as wrong, and has instead focused on what?

Answer: Legally actionable cases of abuse

1. In his chapter on "Residential Harm and Colonial Dispossession," Patzer (2014) argues that we need to retrace the contours of what the colonizer called the _________, which encompassed residential schools, disempowerment, and land dispossession.

Answer: The Indian problem

Patzer (2014) argues that the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Canada is similar to the South African TRC in that it shares a ___________ ethos that may, in fact, depoliticize the process of reconciliation.

Answer: therapeutic

According to Jensen (2016), the history of human rights is defined by the coexistence of what?

Answer: Proclamation and denial

Which of the following was NOT mentioned by Jensen as a difficult issue that arose in 1948 as the language of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was debated?

Answer: Cuba's restriction of religious freedom

According to the "juridico-civil usage" of the term "rights," rights claims generate reciprocal obligations and therefore require a what?

Answer: Community

According to the author (Benhabib), one of the important points of Arendt's writing is that she draws a connection between an undermined conception of rights and the rule-of-law under totalitarianism, and what?

Answer: European colonial projects in Africa

According to the author (Benhabib), both Kant and Arendt saw that the conflict between universal human rights and _________ was the "root paradox at the heart of the territorially bounded state-centric international order."

Answer: Sovereignty claims

According to Calhoun (2003), cosmopolitanism is too often presented as simply ____________, which is free of determinate social bases and consistent with the outlooks found in global intellectual spaces such as Brussels, Davos, or even in elite universities.

Answer: Global citizenship

In response to scholars who have criticized the practicality of universal human rights, the author (Fine 2009) suggests that cosmopolitans should endeavor to create a what?

Answer: A global human rights culture

For Calhoun (2003), social solidarity is not just produced by common cultural identities resulting from racial, ethnic, or gender categories. Solidarity and the expression of shared interests also requires what?

Answer: Public discourse

According to the author (Fine 2009), the human rights revolution has suffered major reversals since what event?

Answer: The Anglo-American war on terror

Which of the following is NOT one of the four elements of Kant's "cosmopolitan point of view"

Answer: Affirming the legality of national boundaries

An essentialized understanding of culture contributed to what 1990s debate that assumed global standards of social justice were incompatible with local cultural practices?

Answer: The universalism-relativism debate

According to Merry, labeling culture as ___________ evokes an evolutionary vision of change from a primitive form to something like civilization.

Answer: Traditional

In her book Human Rights and Gender Violence, Merry (2006) warns that while human rights tend to promote ideas of individual autonomy, equality, choice and secularism, they might also contribute to what?

Answer: Cultural homogenization

The common interpretation of culture as national essence or identity comes from what historical European intellectual movement?

Answer: German romanticism

One reason violence against women is difficult to define as a human rights violation is because..?

Answer: it is often perpetrated by private citizens

Spade (2015) points out that legal efforts to ensure Trans rights have focused on anti-discrimination laws and what?

Answer: Hate crime laws

For Williams (1989), the Black desire for rights is defined by knowledge of a world without what?

Answer: Meaningful boundaries

For historically disempowered people, the conferring of rights elevates one's status to a(n) __________, according to Williams (1989)

Answer: social being

When it comes to Trans rights, discrimination law tends to take a _________ perspective that individualizes oppression and ignores systemic forms of discriminations.

Answer: Perpetrator

Williams (1989) argues that one's relationship to law is defined by one's sense of what?

Answer: Empowerment