Unit I HORMONES

Hormone

Source

Target Cell

Action/Effect

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

Posterior pituitary

Kidneys

Regulates water retention

OT (Oxytocin)

Posterior pituitary

Uterus, Mammary

Stimulates uterine contraction & milk ejection

Releasing hormones

Hypothalamus

Anterior pituitary

Stimulate release of other hormones

Prolactin-inhibiting factor

Hypothalamus

Anterior pituitary

Inhibits prolactin release

Somatostatin

Hypothalamus

Anterior pituitary

Inhibits growth hormone release

FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)

Anterior pituitary

Ovaries, Testes

Stimulates egg/sperm production

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

Anterior pituitary

Ovaries, Testes

Triggers ovulation & testosterone production

TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone)

Anterior pituitary

Thyroid gland

Stimulates thyroid hormone release

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)

Anterior pituitary

Adrenal cortex

Stimulates cortisol production

PRL (Prolactin)

Anterior pituitary

Mammary glands

Stimulates milk production

GH (Growth Hormone)

Anterior pituitary

Various tissues

Promotes growth and metabolism

Melatonin

Pineal gland

Brain

Regulates sleep-wake cycle

Thymopoietin and Thymosins

Thymus

T cells

Stimulate T cell development

Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)

Thyroid gland

Various tissues

Regulate metabolism

Calcitonin

Thyroid gland

Bones

Lowers blood calcium levels

PTH (Parathyroid Hormone)

Parathyroid glands

Bones, Kidneys

Raises blood calcium levels

Catecholamines (epinephrine, NE)

Adrenal medulla

Heart, Blood vessels

Increases heart rate & blood flow

Aldosterone/Mineralcorticoids

Adrenal cortex

Kidneys

Regulates sodium and water balance

Cortisol/glucocorticoids

Adrenal cortex

Various tissues

Regulates metabolism, stress response

Sex steroids (estrogen, androgen)

Ovaries, Testes

Various tissues

Regulate reproductive functions

Insulin

Pancreas

Liver, Muscle

Lowers blood sugar (glucose uptake)

Glucagon

Pancreas

Liver

Raises blood sugar (glucose release)

Gastrin

Stomach

Stomach

Stimulates gastric acid secretion

Estradiol & Progesterone

Ovaries

Various tissues

Regulate female reproductive functions

Testosterone

Testes

Various tissues

Regulates male reproductive functions

Inhibin

Ovaries, Testes

Anterior pituitary

Inhibits FSH release

ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)

Heart

Kidneys

Reduces blood pressure

EPO (Erythropoietin)

Kidneys

Bone marrow

Stimulates RBC production

Angiotensin II

Lungs, Liver

Blood vessels

Increases blood pressure

Hepcidin

Liver

Intestines

Regulates iron metabolism

IGF-I (Insulin-like Growth Factor I)

Liver, Muscle

Various tissues

Promotes growth and development