Untitled Flashcards Set

Matter

• Matter: Matter is anything that takes up space and can be weighed

• Pure substance: A substance that is made up of only one type of particle 

Example: Distilled water

• Mixture: A mixture contains more than one type of particle.  Mixtures can be solid, liquid, or gas.

Example:

 Solid: cell phones and granola bars

 Liquid: Tea and Juice

 Gas: Air 

• Mechanical Mixture: A mixture in which the substances in it are distinguishable from each other, ethier with the unaided eye or with a microscope.

Example: Breakfast cereal 

• Solution: It looks like a pure substance but it contains more than one type of particle.  

Example: Clear apple Juice

• Alloy: An alloy is an example of a solution.

Example: Tin and Lead makes a metal alloy

Physical Properties ( Qualitative and quantitative) 

• Physical properties: Gives us information about what a substance is like.

• Qualitative Property: Property of substance that is not measured and does not have a numerical value, such as colour, odour, and texture.

• Quantitative Property: Property of substance that is measured and has a numerical value, such as temperature, height, and mass.

Chemical Properties

•  Chemical properties: A property of a substance that describes is ability to undergo changes to its composition to produce one or more substance 

Example: Fireworks

Physical changes

• Physical change: In a physical change the composition of substance remains exactly the same

        Example:  Cutting up carrot

Chemical changes

• Chemical change:  A chemical change is always accompanied by a change in the starting substance or substances and the production  of one or more new substances.

Density

• Density:  How much mass is contained in a given unit volume of a substance; calculated by dividing the mass of a sample by its volume

Freezing point, Melting point, and boiling point

• Freezing point: A temperature at which a substance turns from liquid to solid

• Melting point: The temperature at which the substance turns from solid to liquid

• 0 degrees celsius is the freezing point of pure water and the melting of pure ice

• Boiling point: The temperature at which a substance changes state rapidly from liquid to gas.

• The boiling point of water is 100 degrees celsius

Matter (elements, compounds) 

• Element: A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler chemical substances by any physician and chemical means

• Element symbol: Abbreviation for a chemical element

• For example: Nitrogen is written as (N) on the periodic table

• Compound: A pure substance composed of two or more different elements that are chemically joined.

Metals, Non-Metal, and Metalloids

• Metals: An element that is lustrous, malleable, and ductile, and conducts heat and electricity.

• Non-Metals: An element, usually a gas or a dull powdery solid, that does not conduct heat or electricity

• Metalloids: An element that has a properties of both metal and nonmetals

Chemical families ( Alkali Metals, Alkaline earth metals, Halogens, Noble Gasses) 

• Chemical Family: A column of elements with similar property on the periodic table.

• Alkali Metal: element in group q of the periodic table

• Alkaline earth metals: An element in group 2 of the periodic table 

• Halogens: element in group 17 in periodic tab

• Noble gas: An element in group 18 of the periodic table

Chemical families (Column) versus period (Row) on a periodic table and the properties associated with this.

• Groups (columns): “Families” 

• Vertical column: 18 total

• Same number of valence electrons > Similar chemical properties

• Examples 

• Group 1 ( alkali metals): Very reactive

• Group 17 (Halogens ) Very reactive non metals 

• Group 18 (Noble gasses ) Inert, Non- Reactive gases 

• Periods ( Row) 

• Horizontal rows ( 7 total) 

• Same number of electron shells 

• Properties change gradually across the row 

• Left to right: less metallic, smaller atoms, higher electronegativity 

• Right to left: More metallic, larger atoms, lower electronegativity.