Note
Studied by 203 people
New deal and WW2
Franklin D. roosevelt
Election
Hoover was being widely criticized for his lack of response to the depression
Rarely are presidents re-elected in tough economic times
FDR wins by a landslide
FDR’s 3 R’s
Relief
For the unemployed and struggling
The greatest success of the New Deal
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Work program for men 18-25
Employed 3 million people
Public Works Administration (PWA)
Hired 2 million people
Built airports, dams, schools, ETC
Recovery
Of the national economy, banks, and businesses
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
Paid farmers not to produce
Increase price by reducing supply
Helped farmers, but not the economy
National Recovery Administration (NRA)
Created to stimulate the economy
Set a minimum wage and maximum hours
Was found unconstitutional
Reform
Of the systems that led to the depression
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
Created to insure the customers’ bank accounts
Insures up to $250,000
Restored confidence in the banks
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Created to regulate the stock market
Limited speculation
Brain trust
His group of advisors
Included frances perkins the 1st woman to ever serve on a presidential cabinet
First 100 days
Most important period in a presidency
Bank holiday (put your money here, you'll be fine)
All banks were closed
Reorganized the banks
Repeal of prohibition
Increase in tax revenue
Fire chats
Radio messages to assure the American people
Told them what was happening
Opponents of the new deal
Liberal Critics
Believed the New Deal was doing too much for business and not enough for the average american
Conservative critics
Believed the federal government was getting too much power
Believe the New Deal programs were socialist
Huey “kingfish” Long
Share the wealth programs
$5,000 annual income for everyone
Paid by taxing
The 2nd New Deal
Began in 1935 with a series of aggressive new laws
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Wanted to hire skilled and unskilled workers
Artist, writers, teachers, doctors, ETC
Social security act
passed to combat poverty among the old and disabled
America's first welfare program
Wagners Act
Protected the right of workers to strike and collective bargaining
Created the Fair labor practices commission
Regulates unfair labor practices to limit union membership
Union membership increasing throughout the country
Fair labor standards act
Minimum wage
Maximum hours
Election of 1936
FDR wins in a landslide….again
However this second term will be muvh harder than his first
Criticism
FDR began facing pressures that his New Deal was too expensive
The New Deal was not stimulating the economy enough
FDR responds
To quiet his critics FDR backed of deferral funded job programs
He also attempted to balance the budget and……..
Government and the people is where the money comes from
Effects of the new deal
Wealth was still unevenly distributed
Did Not lead to recovery in the US economy
changed the role of the president and expectation of the government
Unifies african americans, immigrants, unions, and the poor all under the democratic party
First time creating federal welfare programs
Causes of WWII
Rise of totalitarianism and militarism
Worldwide depression
Totalitarianism leaders came to power
Promising jobs
Promoting nationalism
Rise of facism
Extreme nationalid
Racial or cultural purity
Anti-intellectualism
Japan
Was the strongest nation in Asia
Felt disrespected by the peace talks that ended WWII
Emperor hirohito gave full control of the military to hideki Tojo
Became a military dictator
Invaded Manchuria
Needed resources for Japanese industry
Germany
Rise of the nazi party
Took power in 1933 when hitler was chosen as chancellor
Treaty of versailles
One of the main reasons the nazis were able to take power
Caused anger and economic depression
Put germans to work building factories, highways and strengthening the military
Nuremberg laws
Series of anti-semitic laws
American isolationism
Aggression throughout the world led to increased calls for US isolation
Neutrality acts
Kept US out of european conflicts
Could not export “arms” to foreign countries
Clearly didn't work
Preclude to WWII
Appeasement policy
League of nations wanted to keep world peace
Adopted a policy in which they met the demands of hitler
Thought was once he had everything he wanted he would be satisfied
Last big attempt was giving Germany the Sudetenland
“There will be peace in our time”
It Begins…..
Non-aggression pact
Germany and russia would divide poland
They would not attack each other
September 1st, 1939
Germany and Russia invade Poland
Took 35 days for Poland to collapse
Phony War
Lasted the winter of 39-40
Changing US policy
Things were not going well for the allies in Europe
France collapses
FDR felt he had to do something
Cash and Carry
US would swell allies weapons for cash
Allies had to carry the weapons on their own ships
Selective Service Act (1940)
1st peacetime draft
Destroyers for bases
Britain quickly ran out of money
Needed destroyers
We gave them ships, they gave us naval bases
Lend lease act
We would give Britain anything they need for the war
Saved Britain
US involvement
Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941
“Surprise” attack an american naval base
Als attacked Guam, wake island, and the Philippines
December 8 1941
US declares war on japan
Allies agree hitler is the biggest threat
The homefront
Government agencies
War production board
Managed wae industries
Assisted with transition to creating war materials
Office of price administration
Helped protect wages
Regulated civilian purchases
Rationed sugar, gas, rubber
Impact on society
African americans
Millions went north for jobs
New york and detroit race riots
Mexican americans
Borders were opened to mexican migrant workers
Zoot Suit Riots
Attacks on mexican americans because of their style choices
Native americans
Thousands served in the US military
Windtalkers
Navajo code talkers
Women
“Rosie the riveter”
Thousands worked in non-combatant jobs
Filled several position left by men
Japanese internment
The US government “relocated” 112,000 japanese americans to internment camps away from the west coast
Japanese in the internment camps faces
Bad living conditions
Lack of civil rights
Korematsu v. US
Legitimized the internment camps
European Theater
European theater
FDR and churchill agreed Germany was the larger long term threat
Allies had two main goals
Overcome German submarines
Bomb german cities
Operation overlord
Allies plan to invade France
D-Day: june 6th 1944
Largest amphibious invasion in history
Paris falls in august 1944
Created a two front fight for the germans
V-E Day
Allied forces surround Berlin
Allied agreed to let the soviet union capture Berlin
Hitler commits suicide
May 7, 1945 the war ends
The holocaust
Hitler’s “final solution”
Systematic destruction of cultures (genocide)
Jews, gypsies, homosexuals, physically and mentally handicapped
Kristallnacht: “night of broken glass”
Labor and extermination camps
Auschwitz was the largest
Led to the deaths of over 6 million jews
Pacific Theater
Warfare in the pacific
US started an “island hopping” campaign
Capture island nu island on their way to japan
Battle of Midway
Turning point of the war
US destroyed 4 japanese aircraft carriers
Battle of Leyte Gulf
Largest naval battle of WW2
Crushed japanese naval power
Used kamikazes
The atomic bomb
Manhattan project
Rober oppenhierimer
Project that created the atomic bomb
Hiroshima: August 6, 1945
1st bomb dropped
Enola gay “little boy”
V-J: september 2, 1945
Legacy
Yalta conference
Divided Germany into 3 zones
Created plans for United Nations
Potsdam Conference
Japan was to unconditionally surrender
Nazis would face war crimes
United nations created
Nuremberg Trials
Nazi leaders tried for war crimes