E

Cold War Interventions and Policies

CIA's Influence in Guatemala

  • The CIA trained insurgents in Guatemala to undermine communist influence in the region.
  • Economic motivations: The U.S. wanted to maintain control over banana production, which was vital to their interests and aimed to prevent land redistribution that could threaten U.S. investments.

Cuba's Political Landscape

  • Before 1959, Cuba was ruled by military dictatorships aligned with U.S. interests.
  • Fidel Castro overthrew the Cuban government in 1959 and established a communist regime, causing alarm in the U.S. due to closeness to the mainland.

U.S.-Cuba Relations

  • Following Castro's rise, the U.S. imposed embargoes and sanctions.
  • Sanctions were notably eased during Obama's presidency, marking a significant diplomatic shift.

The Bay of Pigs Invasion

  • Approved by Eisenhower during the end of his administration, the operation involved training Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro.
  • The invasion failed, resulting in captured or killed insurgents and worsened U.S.-Cuba relations.

The Cuban Missile Crisis

  • U.S. intelligence discovered Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba, escalating tensions as Cuba is only 90 miles from Florida.
  • The crisis highlighted the risks of nuclear weapons placement on both sides, relating back to the U.S. placing missiles in Turkey.

U.S. Intervention in Iran

  • In 1953, the CIA orchestrated a coup against Iran's democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh, reinstating Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
  • The motive was to secure oil interests, as Mossadegh's plans to nationalize oil were threatening to U.S. economic interests.

U.S. Foreign Policy Interests

  • The emphasis on supporting friendly regimes indicates the U.S. prioritizes economic and strategic interests over democratic processes.
  • The underlying motives often revolve around securing resources, not necessarily promoting democracy.

Vietnam and the Domino Theory

  • Post-colonial Vietnam was divided into communist North and anti-communist South after fighting against Japanese and French forces.
  • Eisenhower's strategy involved substantial economic aid to South Vietnam, underpinned by the belief in the domino theory: if Vietnam fell to communism, neighboring countries would follow.

Military-Industrial Complex Concerns

  • Eisenhower warned against the close relationship between military interests and U.S. foreign policy.
  • The sector's vested interests could lead to conflicts motivated by profit rather than genuine security needs.
  • Example of Boeing: Concerns that companies would dictate policy to sustain production demands.

Implications of U.S. Policies

  • Historical account shows how U.S. interventions in foreign nations have often resulted in unintended consequences, leading to further instability.
  • As a reflection on modern discourse, U.S. foreign exploits urge one to consider the roots of migration and instability in those regions, often stemming from foreign interventions.