Chapter 23-24

Know the following terms:

AAA - Agricultural Adjustment Act

TVA - Tennessee Valley Authority

SSA - Social Security Act

WPA - Works Progress Administration 

CCC - Civilian Conservation Control

FDIC - Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

RRR- Relief Recovery Reform

Wagner Act - made unions legal and punished businesses who didn’t support that memberships to unions grow

Revenue Act - tax the wealthy 

Scottsboro Trial- Nine African American boys convicted for raping two white girls (Ruby and Victoria) on a train in Alabama 

Indian Reorganization Act - gave them control of their land again, legalized tribal councils that had governing authority, allowed them to practice their culture again, created by collier 

Dust Bowl- Nutrients pulled out of soil by poor farming techniques

Appeasement- When you say yes to something but just tell someone not to do it again, ex. Britain and France allowed Hitler to take land, but said to him “ok, but don’t do it again..Okay…” and he said “yes I wont”. and he kept doing it because this gave him the courage to push farther. This was what eventually helped lead to WWII.

Zoot Suit Riots - Mexican Americans wearing extra big clothes and wasting materials that could be used for war so everything needed to be rationed, fight broke out with military and the Mexican Americans got arrested even though our military.

Exec Order 9066 - forced Japanese Americans to undersell all their stuff within 3 days to go into concentration camps as an after effect of Pearl Harbor 

Exec Order 8802 - during Great Depression, said no discrimination in military of defense production, all people needed to work together to win the war 

D-Day Invasion-(well planned mission) America Invaded Omaha Beach along with other beaches on the coast of France to break Nazi control over Eastern Europe. Something America did to win was we led the Nazi’s in France to believe they were going to come in from a lot farther down the beach. This gave us an advantage because they moved a ton of their artillery down the beach to protect that spot, but we came in at a different spot. 

Battle of the Bulge- The Battle of the Bulge was the last big attack by Germany(offensive) in World War II, happening in December 1944 in Belgium. They tried to break through the Allied lines, but the Allies, mainly Americans, fought back and won. It weakened Germany’s army and brought the war in Europe closer to ending. They surrendered May 7th 1945.

Battle of Midway- Major U.S. Victory weakened Japan's naval power in the pacific. The U.S. Navy, with help from codebreakers, ambushed and defeated the Japanese fleet near Midway Atoll. The U.S. sank four Japanese aircraft carriers, turning the tide of the war in the Pacific and weakening Japan’s naval power which gave us a major advantage.

People:

Hoover - first President during Great Depression, he had a mindset of “people not being tough enough and needing to just push through it”, trashy places called Hoovervilles 

FDR-Innovative and reformative thinker. His ideas of the fireside chats helped get Americans pushed through the GD. He wanted more opinions from intelligent minds so he made the Brain trust for advice on political situations. 

Coughlin - 

Long - went against FDR and thought he wasn't helping the poor and elderly enough and there wasn't enough wealth sharing 

John Collier - Helped Natives receive aid.  Indian reorganization act which let natives have their tribal councils and allowed them to practice their customs/culture. Tried to give back natives most of their sovereignty.

Randolph-Challenged FDR. Said “enough is enough” and we need to be equal he threatened the Walk on washington(peaceful protest) to advocate African American equality. This lead to Executive order 8802, which stated there would be no more discrimination in the military or factories. He was smart and well planned because he knew FDR was very stressed and couldn’t handle a protest and would just give in.

Korematsu - Japanese American refused to pack up and leave and argued 9066 went against his 5th amendment right, lost the case sentenced anyway an dismissed 

Perkins - she was the first women in the the cabinet, secretary of labor 

Rosie the Riveter- Iconic Images of Rosie the Riveter motivated women in the working force while they had to overcome challenges in their new environment of the working world with men.

Code Talkers- Nazis had every language translator so we had to come up with a language they didn’t know. For this we utilized Native American Soldiers who used their native language to speak in code. Most famous group of them was the Navajo Code Talkers. The code was incredibly difficult for the enemy to decipher which lead to much advantages for the U.S.

Oakies - People who moved from the dust bowl region and relocated to California for work, leading to deportation of many Mexicans 

Hirohito - invaded china, did the rape of mankind

Stalin- Part of the big three. Along with Stalin was Churchill and Roosevelt. Wanted to win against Russia and use underbelly but had a bad motive he wanted total control. He used brutal tactics like purges, executions and forced labor to eliminate threats to his power. Ended up getting Hitler to surrender to Russia.

Hitler- Thought he was God. Dictator of Nazi Germany who initiated WWII and was responsible for the holocaust. Aggressive activity, wanted to take sudetenland. Appeasement.

Mussolini. - aggressive, “el duce”, got kicked out of school at 10 and 14 for stabbing kids, womanizer, thought he was God’s gift 

Patton - good leader in WWII, completed the underbelly with Eisenhower, part of the bonus army incident,

Eisenhower -he led the D-Day invasion

MacArthur - Douglas MacArthur was a U.S. Army general in World War II, leading Allied forces in important battles like the Philippines and Japan. After the war, he helped rebuild Japan as the leader of its occupation. MacArthur was known for his strong leadership and key military strategies.

Nimitz -Chester W. Nimitz was a U.S. Navy admiral in World War II. He led the Pacific Fleet and helped win important battles like Midway, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa. His leadership was key in defeating Japan.

Essay/Short Answer:

Causes and effects of the Great Depression

Causes: stock market crash of 1929, bank failures, overconsumption and overproduction, drought and agriculture failure

Effects: massive unemployment, bak failures, financial instability, decline in industrial production.

Defend FDR as a good or bad president overall

GOOD:

• Leadership during the Great Depression

• New Deal programs

• Baking reforms

• Fireside chats

• Planted around 220 million trees

BAD:

• Japanese’s interments camps

• Expansion of power - some people argue that FDR’s new deal program stretched the limits of federal power

• Didn’t support African Americans even having a black cabinet

• Didn’t pass the no lynching act cause he wanted to hang onto the southerners votes.

Take a controversial event of the Great Depression or war and support it and then destroy it: 

dropping of the Atomic Bomb, Korematsu v. US, Nuremburg Trials, New Deal Policies, FDR’s presidency

Atomic Bomb

Pro:

• Ended WW2

• US is top power over Russia 🔥

Cons:

• Killed millions of people

• Moral and ethical implications

Korematsu v US

Pros:

• National security

• Korematsu brought attention to the issue which resulted in publicity which may have caused people to see the injustices

Cons:

• Against the 14th Ammendment

• Pushed Japanese Americans into poor internment camps

• Citizens had to give up within they owned in just a week

Nuremberg Trials

Pros:

• Justice served to those who committed war crime

• Gave closure to those affected

Cons:

• Justice should be served?

• Only the five allied nations dealt with the crimes so they might be a little biased

New Deal Policies

Pros:

• AAA helped farmers and brought prices up

• FDIC insured deposits and reassured poeple their money was safe

• Helped the elderly and the disabled

Cons:

• AAA harmed African American sharecroppers

• SSA critics for not including agriculture and domestic workers

• The WPA only reached out to 1/3 of the workers

• People began to abuse the welfare system

FDR’s presidency