Concepts of a Region and Climatic Influences

Regions

Definition of a Region

• Areas of Earth's surface with shared boundaries or characteristics.
• Characteristics vary: physical landscape, climate, culture, government, economy.
• Boundaries can change over time; regions vary in size (e.g., small counties vs. large areas like the Sahel).

Climatic Regions

• Different climates cover large areas, affecting temperature, precipitation, soil, and weather.
• Influences flora and fauna, population distribution, and human activities.
• Example: Cool Temperate Climate
  • Found between 40° and 60° latitude, e.g., Ireland and Western Europe.
  • Mild winters (average 6°C) and warm summers (15°-17°C), rainfall 1,500 mm annually.

Physical/Geomorphological Regions

• Defined by relief, rock type, structure, and drainage.
• Example: Karst Region (The Burren)
  • Exposed limestone with unique erosion processes.
  • Features include limestone pavement, swallow holes, and unique flora/fauna.
• Example: North European Plain
  • Low-lying area known for fertile limon soil and moderate climate.

Administrative Regions

• Defined by governments to improve management reflecting local needs.
• Example: Governance of Ireland
  • Counties and councils established for localized governance.
  • Two-tier system involving local and national authorities.

Cultural Regions

• Areas with shared language, religion, and traditions.
• Example: Irish Gaeltacht
  • Regions where over 80% of locals speak Irish, facing decline due to external influences.
  • Planning laws aim to preserve the Irish language.

Socio-Economic Regions

• Prosperity varies due to economic (industry, trade) and social factors (healthcare, education).
• Core Regions are developed, e.g., Greater Dublin; Peripheral Regions are less developed, e.g., West of Ireland.

Urban/City or Nodal Regions

• Large towns/cities as nodal points, often experiencing urban sprawl.
• High population density, dependent on hinterland for resources; cities create environmental challenges.