Untitled Flashcards Set

1.     Match each of the following terms with an accurate definition as it applies in scientific speech:
Answer: Biological literacy

2.     A scientist who is monitoring a group of brown bats all living in the same area would be studying a(n) …
Answer: Population

3.     Which theory helps us understand why various species differ from one another, tells us to what diseases we are predisposed, and enables us to produce drugs for a variety of diseases?
Answer: Gene

4.     What type of information does science provide for society?
Answer: Information about the natural world

5.     Which kingdom contains photosynthetic multicellular organisms that live on the land?
Answer: Plantae

6.     Which of the following issues would be least likely solved by applying the scientific method?
Answer: Making public policy on whether to have a state sanctioned death penalty

7.     It is often publicized that excess dietary fats are linked to higher incidences of heart disease and cancer in humans. Choose the best hypothesis that a scientist could test to examine this observation.
Answer: Intake of 30% more than the recommended dietary fat, is correlated with an increase in heart disease and cancer

8.     All cellular organisms possess a genetic system that is based on …
Answer: DNA

9.     Which of these is NOT a property of all living things?
Answer: Care for their offspring

10.  Some members of Daphnia, a water flea, have a genetic mutation that causes them to prefer warmer environments. These members reproduce and pass these genetic changes to their offspring. The next generation will occupy warmer environments not previously occupied by this species. This is an example of …
Answer: Adaptation

11.  This is a major way human bodies maintain homeostasis of body temperature:
Answer: Sweating

12.  At which level of taxonomy do animals and plants share the most in common?
Answer: Domain

13.  The ____________ process helps to ensure that a scientist’s research is original, significant, logical, and thorough before being published in a scientific journal.
Answer: Peer review

14.  Living organisms are characterized by a hierarchy of increasing complexity, such as: atoms  molecules macromolecules  organelles  cells  tissues  organs. At which of these levels of complexity does the property of metabolism first emerge?
Answer: Cells

15.  Match each biological theory with its best description:
Answer:

• Cell Theory: All organisms are composed of at least one cell. The cell is the most basic unit of life. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

• Gene Theory: Genetic information is encoded in molecules of DNA. Units in the DNA encode proteins that determine what the organism will be like in form and function.

• Theory of Heredity: The DNA of an organism is passed on to offspring as discrete units. Traits are located on chromosomes made of DNA.

• Theory of Evolution: An explanation for the unity and diversity of life on Earth. It refers to genetic changes in populations over generations adapting to the environment.

16.  Which of the following group(s) have cells that do not have a nucleus?
Answer: Archaea and Bacteria

17.  Which of the following is NOT a feature of the scientific method?
Answer: Ignoring empirical evidence

18.  The smallest unit of biological structure that meets the functional requirements of “living” is the …
Answer: Cell

19.  A doctor is testing the effectiveness of a new antibiotic. He gives the first group of patients a placebo, a second group receives antibiotic A, while the third group receives antibiotic B. Which of the groups is considered the control group?
Answer: The group that received the placebo

20.  Living things are able to maintain stable internal conditions, whether they are unicellular or complex multicellular organisms. This property is called …
Answer: Homeostasis

Quiz 2

1. Which type of chemical bond results from the equal and symmetric sharing of electrons between two atoms? This type of bond exists between two carbon atoms or between a carbon atom and hydrogen atom.
   Answer: Nonpolar covalent bond

2. Because of the bicarbonate/carbonic acid buffer system in the body, the absorption of a small volume of acid into the blood will cause the pH to ...
   Answer: Remain stable

3. Water has some unique properties that make it very important for life. What chemical bonds occurring between individual water molecules make these properties possible?
   Answer: Hydrogen bonds

4. The identity of any atom is determined by the …
   Answer: Number of protons

5. When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, the type of bond between them is a(n) _____________ bond.
   Answer: Ionic

6. Atoms that have lost or gained an electron and therefore have a positive or negative charge are known as _____________.
   Answer: Ions

7. What is acid rain and how does it form?
   Answer: Rain with excess H+ ions caused by air pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and carbon dioxide, which react with the water molecules to produce acids

8. What are the 6 major elements making up living things? (select all that apply)
   Answer: Carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen

9. What is the smallest unit of an element that has the chemical properties of that element?
   Answer: Atom

10. When salt crystals dissolve in water, which chemical interactions in the salt crystals are being dissociated by the water molecules?
    Answer: Ionic bonds

11. The type of bond that forms between two atoms when electrons are shared is a(n) ______ bond.
    Answer: Covalent

12. Which of the following is alkaline (basic)?
    Answer: Bleach (pH 12)

13. When water is mixed with a salt in a glass jar, the salt would be considered the _________ and the water is considered the ______________.
    Answer: Solute / solvent

14. Oil does not readily mix with water. This is because the oil molecules are …
    Answer: Non-polar and hydrophobic

15. The number of ___________ in an atom’s valence shell determine how it will chemically react with other atoms.
    Answer: Electrons

16. When you place a tube in water, water automatically moves up the sides of the tube because of _________, even before you apply any sucking force. The narrower the tube, the higher the water climbs on its own.
    Answer: Adhesion

17. Sweating helps cool us off because …
    Answer: Water has a high heat of evaporation

18. Water molecules exhibit cohesiveness to each other via hydrogen bonds. These bonds form between the slight negative charge of ________, and the slight positive charge of ________, on adjacent water molecules.
    Answer: Oxygen / hydrogen

19. Which of these statements describes the structure of an atom?
    Answer: Positive protons and neutral neutrons in the nucleus are surrounded by negative electrons.

20. Physicians may prescribe medicines to help the symptoms of acid reflux which cause burning in the esophagus from excess acid in the stomach. To help neutralize the acid, medicines are used to ...
    Answer: Take up excess H+

Quiz 3

1. Living things may store energy and nutrients in this type of lipid molecule:
   Answer: Triglyceride

2. Which of the following macromolecules is important for making up the inherited information base (genetic material) of living organisms?
   Answer: Deoxyribonucleic acid

3. This type of non-covalent chemical bond is responsible for holding the two strands of double helix together and for maintaining the three-dimensional shapes exhibited by proteins.
   Answer: Hydrogen

4. Organic molecules are those that contain at least ...
   Answer: Carbon and hydrogen

5. A complete and irreversible unfolding of a protein's structure due to exposure to high heat or strong acids/bases is called …
   Answer: Denaturation

6. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are needed to make some biomolecules. Select 3 types of biomolecules that require either nitrogen or phosphorus for their synthesis:
   Answer: Phospholipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids

7. The main functions of carbohydrates in living things are:
   Answer: Energy/nutrient source and forms some structural parts of cells and tissues

8. In general, carbohydrates like glucose are made up of what three elements? (choose all that apply)
   Answer: Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon

9. This lipid contains four fused carbon rings and functions to stabilize the cell membrane of animal cells:
   Answer: Cholesterol

10. Which of the following levels of protein structure refers to assemblies of multiple polypeptide chains together into a complex? This level of structure is found in hemoglobin and many enzymes.
    Answer: Quaternary

11. Choose the statement that is FALSE about DNA.
    Answer: It is the main energy source in our food.

12. This polysaccharide is found in plant cell walls. Humans cannot digest it and thus it is part of what makes up dietary fiber. Fungi can digest it, which is why fungi are important in recycling dead plants.
    Answer: Cellulose

13. Triglycerides made from fatty acids that have carbon to carbon double bonds within the chain and thus have fewer than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms are …
    Answer: Unsaturated and liquids at room temperature.

14. When a protein is denatured, which level of protein structure is affected? (choose all that apply)
    Answer: Quaternary, Secondary, Tertiary

15. Which is a correct statement about proteins?
    Answer: Their shape governs their function.

16. Match each type of biomolecule with the subunits that make up that biomolecule:
    Answer:

    • Protein: Amino acids

    • Triglyceride: Glycerol and fatty acids

    • Carbohydrate: Monosaccharides

    • Nucleic acid: Nucleotides

17. What term is used for molecules that have identical molecular formulas but the atoms in each molecule are arranged differently?
    Answer: Isomers

18. When humans eat and have more blood sugar than is needed for energy at that time, the extra can be stored for later use as the polysaccharide ____________.
    Answer: Glycogen

19. The three-dimensional folded shape of a polypeptide (protein) is called its ____________ structure.
    Answer: Tertiary

20. Proteins are often described as the macromolecules that do most of the "work" in cells. Which of the following is NOT a correct example illustrating this statement?
    Answer: The genetic material of inheritance is made of proteins that encode all of the cell’s information.

21. Which of the following is the foundation for forming the plasma membranes of cells?
    Answer: Phospholipids

22. Explain why carbon is the central element in forming the skeletons/backbones of all biological macromolecules.
    Answer: With four valence electrons, carbon will form covalent bonds with as many as four other atoms/elements, creating opportunity to make a vast variety of molecules.

23. Which of following is NOT true about Lipids?
    Answer: Lipids have tertiary and quaternary structures important to their functions.

24. Which of the following describes RNA but not DNA?
    Answer: Polymer of nucleotides containing ribose and the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil

25. Which of the following ingredients found in body lotion is hydrophobic/non-polar and is thus important for the sealing in of water in the skin?
    Answer: Fatty acid