psychological disorder, p. 651 a psychological disorder is a disorder that effects a person’s cognition or emotional state and influences their daily life

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), p. 652 ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by not being able to pay attention to any one thing for too long, fidgeting, and acting impulsively

medical model, p. 653 medical model is the idea that psychological disorders are caused by something physical and can be treated through a medical treatment in a hospital

DSM-5, p. 654 the APA’s fifth edition of an outline of psychological disorders that states all of the current formally declared psychological disorders as well as their symptoms and tendencies

anxiety disorders, p. 661 psychological disorders characterized by persistent feelings of stress and paranoia

generalized anxiety disorder, p. 662 an anxiety disorder characterized by feelings of distress

panic disorder, p. 662 an anxiety disorder characterized by sudden episodes of intense paranoia

phobia, p. 662 an anxiety disorder characterized by a fear of something specific

social anxiety disorder, p. 662 an anxiety disorder characterized by stress when in or considering social situations, resulting in isolation to avoid them

agoraphobia, p. 663 an anxiety disorder that causes avoiding the location at which a traumatic or significant event took place

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), p. 663 a psychological disorder characterized by repeating actions and/or having repetitive undesired thoughts

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), p. 664 an anxiety disorder that develops after going through a traumatic event, characterized by flashbacks to the event

posttraumatic growth, p. 665 processing of the traumatic event and ultimately benefiting from it

mood disorders, p. 671 psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes

major depressive disorder, p. 672 a mood disorder during which a person experiences several depression symptoms such as lack of interest in things they once cared about, and these symptoms make it difficult to progress through daily life

mania, p. 673 a mood disorder characterized by hyper behavior and an overly optimistic state

bipolar disorder, p. 673 a mood disorder characterized by alternating between depressive episodes and manic episodes

rumination, p. 679 rumination is when someone overthinks about problems in their life

schizophrenia, p. 684 a psychotic disorder characterized by symptoms such as disorganized thoughts and hallucinations

psychosis, p. 684 a psychological disorder that causes someone to feel like they are losing touch with reality

delusions, p. 684 delusions are false beliefs and they are often a sign of schizophrenia

hallucination, p. 685 hallucinations are experienced when someone claims something that has no sensory reason behind it, such as seeing something that is not actually there

somatic symptom disorder, p. 693 a psychological disorder where a person claims they are having a bodily sensation that has no actual physical reason

conversion disorder, p. 694 a disorder in which someone experiences genuine bodily symptoms that have no physical reason

illness anxiety disorder, p. 694 a disorder in which the stress around possibly having an illness causes a person to convince themselves that they actually do have an illness by falsely interpreting regular bodily sensations as symptoms of an illness

dissociative disorders, p. 694 a type of psychological disorder in which someone’s conscious awareness is separated from their previous thoughts or feelings

dissociative identity disorder (DID) p. 695, a dissociative disorder in which someone expresses multiple personalities and alternates between them

anorexia nervosa, p. 697 an eating disorder that causes strict and excessive dieting close to starvation

bulimia nervosa, p. 697 an eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge-eating followed by episodes of purging through vomiting or laxatives

binge-eating disorder, p. 697 an eating disorder characterized by excessive eating

personality disorders, p. 698 a type of psychological disorder that affects a person’s social functioning

antisocial personality disorder, p. 699 a personality disorder characterized the lack of moral conscience

psychotherapy, p. 709 therapy that utilizes psychological techniques

biomedical therapy, p. 709 prescribing of medications to treat psychological disorders or disorders in general

eclectic approach, p. 709 a combination of two or more different types of therapies depending on the patient/client’s needs

psychoanalysis, p. 709 a psychotherapy in which the therapist works to uncover the patient’s unconscious thoughts and motives through several techniques such as free association

resistance, p. 710 when a patient shows hesitation when talking about something when being psychoanalyzed, the therapist interprets that as something they are protecting themselves against in order to reduce anxiety

interpretation, p. 710 in psychoanalysis, the meaning the therapist derives from the patient’s actions and what it reveals about their unconscious

transference, p. 710 in psychoanalysis, the transfer of feelings about someone in the patient’s life to their therapist

psychodynamic therapy, p. 710 a therapy derived from psychoanalysis that focuses more on childhood experiences

insight therapies, p. 711 therapies that strive to unleash something hidden in a patient’s thoughts

client-centered therapy, p. 712 a humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers that uses techniques such as active listening and unconditional positive regard

active listening, p. 712 a technique used in client-centered therapy where the therapist only interrupts to restate or validate the patient

unconditional positive regard, p. 712 a technique used in client-centered therapy where the therapist displays a caring and nonjudgmental attitude

behavior therapy, p. 716 therapy with the purpose of changing the patient’s undesired behaviors

counterconditioning, p. 717 a behavior therapy that associates a new response to a triggering stimulus

systematic desensitization, p. 717 a behavior therapy where the subject is exposed to more and more triggering stimuli until they no longer exhibit the undesired response

virtual reality exposure therapy, p. 718 a type of exposure therapy that has patients virtually interact with what they are afraid of; used when actual exposure is inaccessible

aversive conditioning, p. 718 a behavior therapy that associates something undesirable with an unwanted behavior, decreasing the frequency of the behavior

token economy, p. 719 a token economy is a system in which a person earns tokens for exhibiting a desired behavior, and can trade in a certain amount of those tokens for a reward such as candy

cognitive therapy, p. 720 a therapy that focuses on changing how a person thinks about things

rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT), p. 721 a cognitive therapy that directly challenges a person’s thoughts by showing them how irrational they are

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), p. 723 a cognitive therapy that strives to change a person’s way of thinking and their behaviors

group therapy, p. 723 a therapy that takes advantage of a group setting, resulting in people feeling less alone in their situations

family therapy, p. 724 a therapy in which a family is a unit and each member’s actions are targeted to another member or caused by another member

regression toward the mean, p. 730 tendency of extreme scores in a score set to fall back to the average score

meta-analysis, p. 731 a technique that combines the results of numerous research studies

evidence-based practice, p. 732 integrating the best available research with professional opinion and a patient’s specific needs

therapeutic alliance, p. 735 the trusting and respectful relationship between a therapist and patient

resilience, p. 737 the personal strength someone requires to get through something difficult

psychopharmacology, p. 740 the study of the effect of pharmaceuticals on a person’s brain

antipsychotic drugs, p. 741 drugs that treat psychotic disorders by causing less of a response to irrelevant stimuli

antianxiety drugs, p. 741 drugs that treat persistent feelings of anxiety by inhibiting nervous system activity

antidepressant drugs, p. 741 drugs that treat persistent depression symptoms by increasing serotonin levels

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), p. 743 a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), p. 745 a form of ECT that includes the application of back-to-back magnetic pulses to the brain, which stimulates nerve cells that are suppressed due to depression and calms the parts that are overactive

psychosurgery, p. 746 surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

lobotomy, p. 746 a psychosurgical procedure that was once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients by cutting the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain