Chapter 33-35 1933

FDR’s: Foreign policy

London Economic Conference (1933): nations hoped to coordinate an international response to the global depression by stabilizing currency and rates at which they could be exchanged.

Conference Failed

Know that Roosevelt did not like this conference because it interfered with his own plans for domestic recovery.

FDR was an isolationism and since he was this allowed for other dictators to become more powerful

This US withdrew from ais and gave the Philippines freedom in 1946

Did not want to waste supplies and time.

Preparing for war

FDR recognizes the Soviet union→ wanting to establish trade relations

Good neighbor policy: FDR wanted to improve relations with Latin America. He ordered US marines to leave Haiti and go rid of the platt amendment in cuba. In business disputes with Latin american→ He always resolved them Latin America trusts FDR

Reciprocal trade agreement: created by secretary of state hull, who believed tariff barriers blocked foreign trade which could lead to trade wars, and eventually real wars.

This act lowered tariffs on any country who reciprocated- Us foreign trade increases

Pre world War 2

Totalitarianism: the idea that the individual must always be obedient to the govt.

Stain: dictator of USSR who executes thousands of people who don’t agree with him

Mussolini: fascist in Italy

Hitler Comes into power in 1933 and promises to return Germany to its former glory.

Rome-Berlin Axis 1936- Hitler and Mussolini and in immoral allace to strengthen the bond between the two countries.

Johnson Debt Default Act- US is salty that not nations they loaned money to paid then back (prevented nations from borrowing more money if they didn’t pay it back)

Nye commission: Said that US had only entered World War 1 because greedy weapon manufactures wanted to make a profit. ( to make it seem like that what was happening in the world was not US concern.

Neutrality acts of 1935,1935,1937: US regretted their role in WW1 and wanted to remain neutral

Abraham Lincoln brigade: small group of amercian volunteers sent to fight rebels.

Japan invades china- but this isnt enoguh for the neutrality acts to be put into place

Quarantine speech: Basically did nothing

1937_Japn sink US ship panay _but say sorry

1938-Hitler invaded Austria later that year they have hitler Sudetenland in hopes he would stop invading land.

Appeasement: democratic world leaders borrowed money in order to avoid more conflict.

Hitler-Stain pact- allowed germany aggression against Poland and western demoracies without fear of retalliation by soviet union

World War 2 offially starts on sep 1st 1939 when germany invades Poland.

• Relief: Programs like the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA) provided jobs and relief to the unemployed. 

• Recovery: The Public Works Administration (PWA) and the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) aimed to stimulate the economy and raise agricultural prices. 

• Reform: The Social Security Act of 1935 established a social safety net, and the Glass-Steagall Act reformed the banking system. 

• Lend-Lease Program:

  The Lend-Lease Act allowed the US to provide military aid to Allied nations, helping them fight against the Axis powers. 

• "Alphabet Soup":

  The New Deal programs were often referred to as "alphabet soup" due to their acronyms (e.g., CCC, WPA, AAA). 

CHAPTER 34

Entering World war 2

1) Pearl Harbor

2) ABC-agreement- agreement to defeat Germany

The US wanted to take revenge on Japan, but they want to “take care” of Germany(Because Hitler could take of Britain or soviet union) first Then they would attack japan (allied forces)

1933-1952: Key Notes in U.S. History

1933 - Franklin D. Roosevelt Becomes President

• Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) takes office in 1933, at the height of the Great Depression.

• The New Deal: A series of programs and policies aimed at economic recovery, job creation, and relief for those suffering due to the Depression.

• Banking Act of 1933: Established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to insure bank deposits and prevent bank runs.

• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC): Provided jobs in environmental conservation to young, unemployed men.

• National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) and Public Works Administration (PWA): Focused on public works and industrial recovery.

• Social Security Act (1935): Created a federal safety net for elderly, unemployed, and disabled Americans.

1939-1945 - World War II

• U.S. Neutrality: Initially, the U.S. maintained a policy of neutrality as the war began in Europe and Asia.

• Lend-Lease Act (1941): Allowed the U.S. to send military aid to Allied nations without direct involvement.

• Pearl Harbor Attack (December 7, 1941): Japan's surprise attack on the U.S. naval base in Hawaii leads to the U.S. entering World War II.

• War Production: The U.S. economy rapidly shifts to war production, resulting in full employment and the revitalization of industries.

• D-Day (1944): U.S. and Allied forces land in Normandy, France, opening a second front in Europe against Nazi Germany.

• Victory in Europe (V-E Day): May 7, 1945, Germany surrenders.

• Victory in Japan (V-J Day): Japan surrenders in September 1945 after the U.S. drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Post-War Years and the Start of the Cold War

• Yalta Conference (1945): Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin meet to plan post-war Europe, laying the foundation for the Cold War.

• United Nations (1945): The U.S. is a founding member of the UN, aimed at preventing future global conflicts.

• Marshall Plan (1948): The U.S. provides economic aid to help rebuild European economies and prevent the spread of communism.

• Truman Doctrine (1947): A policy to contain the spread of communism, beginning with support to Greece and Turkey.

• The Berlin Airlift (1948-1949): The U.S. and Allies fly supplies into West Berlin after the Soviet Union blockades the city.

• NATO (1949): The U.S. joins the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliance aimed at countering Soviet influence.

• Atomic Age: The U.S. becomes the first country to use nuclear weapons during WWII and continues to develop its nuclear arsenal.

1947-1950s: The Red Scare and McCarthyism

• The Second Red Scare (1947-1957): Fear of communism spreads in the U.S., leading to government investigations into possible communist influences.

• House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC): Investigated alleged communist infiltration in Hollywood and other sectors.

• Senator Joseph McCarthy: Leading figure of the anti-communist movement, McCarthy accuses numerous government officials, actors, and intellectuals of being communists without credible evidence, leading to widespread fear and ruinous careers.

1950-1952: The Korean War

• Korean War (1950-1953): North Korea, backed by China and the Soviet Union, invades South Korea. The U.S. leads a UN force to defend South Korea, beginning a proxy conflict of the Cold War.

• Truman's Role: President Harry S. Truman commits U.S. forces to the war without a declaration of war from Congress, sparking debates over presidential power.

• End of the Korean War (1953): The war ends in an armistice with no official peace treaty, leaving the Korean Peninsula divided.

1933-1952 Social Changes

• Great Migration (1916-1970): Continued movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban centers in the North, seeking better economic opportunities and escaping segregationist laws.

• Women in the Workforce: During WWII, women take on jobs in factories and offices, leading to a shift in gender roles, though many return to traditional roles after the war.

• Civil Rights Movement: Early seeds of the Civil Rights Movement are sown in this period, with organizations like the NAACP advocating for racial equality and challenging segregation laws.

Economic and Political Legacy

• Economic Recovery: The New Deal and wartime production create a strong post-war economy. The U.S. becomes the world's dominant economic and military power.

• Democratic Leadership: FDR's New Deal policies and Harry Truman’s post-war leadership shape the political landscape, with a focus on internationalism and social welfare.

Conclusion:

This period in U.S. history was marked by major shifts in both domestic policy and global influence, from the struggles of the Great Depression to the challenges of World War II and the early Cold War. The U.S. emerged as a superpower, committed to preventing the spread of communism and shaping global institutions like the United Nations. Domestically, significant social and economic changes set the stage for the civil rights struggles and social movements of the coming decades.

If you need more details on any specific events, feel free to ask!