Imperialism, Progressive Era & World War 1 Test Review

Provisions found in the Treaty of Versailles: The Treaty of Versailles included several key provisions such as the acceptance of the blame for the war by Germany, disarmament of German forces, reparations payments, and the establishment of the League of Nations aimed at preventing future conflicts.

Event that led to the outbreak of World War I in Europe: The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in June 1914 by Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb nationalist, triggered a series of diplomatic crisis and alliances that ultimately led to the war.

Reasons for U.S. Entry into World War I: Factors included unrestricted submarine warfare conducted by Germany, the sinking of the Lusitania, and the Zimmerman Telegram, in which Germany tried to persuade Mexico to join the war against the U.S.

Impact of the sinking of the British ship Lusitania: The sinking, which resulted in the loss of 128 American lives, stirred significant anti-German sentiment in the U.S. and led to calls for intervention in the war.

Result of U.S. intervention in World War I on American foreign policy: U.S. intervention marked a shift towards a more active and interventionist foreign policy, asserting America as a global power and setting the stage for its later involvement in World War II and international affairs.

Preparation of Americans in the Selective Service Act for war during World War I: The Act, passed in 1917, established a draft system that conscripted millions of men into military service, emphasizing the national need for manpower in the face of global conflict.

War Industries Board preparation for Americans during World War I: This board coordinated the production and allocation of war materials, ensuring that military and civilian needs were met effectively during the war.

Committee of Public Information preparation for Americans: Established to influence public opinion and rally support for the war, the committee disseminated propaganda through posters, films, and speeches to encourage enlistment and war bond purchases.

Steps taken by the U.S. government officials during World War I to ensure American troops had enough food to eat: The government implemented rationing programs, organized the Food Administration, and encouraged citizens to plant victory gardens to supplement food supplies.

Ways the federal government paid for the costs of World War I: The government raised funds through the sale of Liberty Bonds, increased income taxes, and implemented excess profits taxes on corporations benefiting from the war effort.

Purpose of the Espionage Act and the Sedition Act during World War I: These acts were designed to suppress dissent and espionage within the country, making it illegal to interfere with military operations or to speak out against the war effort.

Event that caused the death of soldiers in a battlefield trench in France during World War I: The use of chemical warfare, particularly chlorine and mustard gas, led to significant casualties and suffering in the trenches, contributing to the horrors of trench warfare.

Details about the war in Europe from 1914 to 1918: Activating alliances and the industrial scale of warfare led to a protracted conflict characterized by trench warfare, significant battles such as the Battle of the Somme, and mass casualties on both sides.

Religious American group that was excused from participation during World War I: The Quakers, known for their pacifist beliefs, were granted conscientious objector status, allowing them to avoid combat.

American group that fought under French command during World War I but didn’t have combat roles in the U.S. Army: The Harlem Hellfighters, an African American regiment, fought valiantly alongside French troops, earning accolades for their bravery despite facing discrimination at home.

Group of Americans that faces hostility and mob violence in the U.S. during World War I: German Americans experienced significant hostility, including physical attacks and loss of jobs due to anti-German sentiment, leading to the suppression of German cultural expressions.

Impact of World War I on German Americans: Many faced discrimination and pressure to assimilate, leading to the loss of German language schools and cultural institutions, as well as social ostracization.

Affect World War I had on American women: The war opened up new job opportunities for women in factories and the workforce, leading to greater public acceptance of women in the workplace and contributing to the women’s suffrage movement.

Affect World War I had on African Americans: Many African Americans served in combat roles or found work in war industries, leading to the Great Migration to northern cities and increased activism for civil rights post-war.

Organization formed before World War I: The American Federation of Labor (AFL), founded to promote the interests of skilled workers through collective bargaining, was a pre-war labor organization active in advocating for workers’ rights.

Similarities of the Social Gospel movement and settlement houses: Both aimed at addressing social inequalities and improving living conditions for the urban poor through community service, education, and social work.

Legacy of the Social Gospel Movement: It contributed to the rise of progressive reform movements in the early 20th century, influencing labor rights, women's suffrage, and civil rights.

Role of settlement houses in late 19th century America: These institutions provided services such as education, health care, and job training to immigrants and the poor, playing a critical role in community organization and advocacy.

Reasons behind nativists support for immigration reform in the 1920s: Growing concerns about job competition, cultural dilution, and perceived threats to American values spurred nativism and calls for restrictive immigration laws.

Cause of European Immigration to the U.S. restriction in the 1920s: The Immigration Act of 1924 established numerical quotas that favored northern and western Europeans while severely limiting immigration from southern and eastern Europe.

Goal of the parade of suffragists: To garner public support for women's suffrage, marchers sought to demonstrate solidarity and raise awareness about the fight for women's voting rights.

Progressive reform definitions: Progressive reforms aimed to address societal issues brought about by industrialization and urbanization through government action, advocating for social justice, labor rights, and political reform.

Muckrakers and their attempt to correct injustices: Investigative journalists exposed corruption in government and business, raising public awareness and leading to reforms in labor laws, health regulations, and political practices.

Impact of the Progressive (or “Bull Moose”) Party proposals in 1912: The party, led by Theodore Roosevelt, pushed for platforms such as women’s suffrage, labor rights, and the regulation of monopolies, influencing the broader progressive movement and future legislation.

Constitutional amendments that were passed with the support of the Progressives: Notable amendments include the 16th (income tax), 17th (direct election of senators), 18th (Prohibition), and 19th (women's suffrage), all fostering greater democratic participation and social reform.

Outcome of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906: The Act led to the establishment of the FDA and stricter regulations on food and drug safety, ensuring consumer protection and transparency in the market.

Outcome of laws passed by Congress during the progressive era: Many laws improved labor conditions, including child labor laws, anti-trust legislation, and workplace safety regulations, moving towards social justice.

Conclusion of the United States foreign policy: The era represented a shift towards interventionism, characterized by active involvement in global conflicts and the emerging notion of American exceptionalism.

Benefits the U.S. imperialism provided to the people of Guam, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines: These territories received political stability, infrastructure development, and access to American markets, while also facing cultural and economic imperialism.

Ways the Spanish-American War contributed to the rise of the United States as a global force: The war resulted in the acquisition of overseas territories and showcased U.S. military power, marking its emergence as a key player on the world stage.

Events that led to the changes in the size of the U.S. in 1898: The explosion of the USS Maine, the De Lôme Letter, and tensions over Cuban independence galvanized public support for intervention in the Spanish-Cuban conflict.

Reasons the U.S. annex Puerto Rico and the Philippines: Strategic military and economic interests drove the annexation, as these territories offered vital locations for trade and military bases.

Spanish-American War's direct result: The war ended Spanish colonial rule in the Americas and led to U.S. control over Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, marking the beginning of American imperialism.

Causes of the construction of the Panama Canal: The desire for faster maritime travel between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, bolstered by U.S. support for Panamanian independence, made canal construction a priority.

The aftermath of the Spanish American war: Following the war, the U.S. emerged as an imperial power with overseas territories, influencing global politics and creating tensions regarding its role in international affairs.

The water route that was built because of Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan: Mahan's theories on naval power and trade routes significantly influenced the strategic necessity for the Panama Canal, enhancing U.S. naval capabilities.

Theodore Roosevelt sent a warship to protect the rebellion in Panama and recognized their independence, give reasons why: To facilitate the construction of the Panama Canal, Roosevelt aimed to remove Colombian control and support Panamanian independence, asserting U.S. influence in the region.