Key Concepts of Lecture 7

🏗 I. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure (SDG 9)

1. What is Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure (I/I/I)?

• Promotes sustainable industrialization, infrastructure development, and technological innovation to drive economic growth and societal progress.

2. Objectives of I/I/I:

• 💼 Create jobs and increase income.

• 📚 Improve access to education, healthcare, and sanitation.

• 💰 Reduce income poverty through economic growth.

• 🚀 Promote technological progress and innovation.

• 🌱 Support a sustainable society through eco-friendly practices.

3. Importance of SDG 9:

• Foundation for Poverty Reduction: Industry drives economic growth, which is vital for eradicating poverty.

• Enabler of Services: Improved infrastructure ensures better healthcare, education, and sanitation.

• Supports Innovation: Encourages technological advancement and resource efficiency.

4. Global Infrastructure Status (2022):

• 📶 95% of the global population had access to mobile broadband, but underserved regions remain.

• 🛤 Infrastructure investments (e.g., transport, irrigation, and energy) are crucial for development.

• 🌍 Priority for Least Developed Countries (LDCs): Focus on technology, broadband access, and lowering carbon emissions.

⚖ II. Reduced Inequalities (SDG 10)

1. What is Reduced Inequalities?

• Focuses on closing gaps and disparities between different groups in society.

• Promotes equal rights, inclusion, and fights against discrimination.

2. Types of Inequalities:

• 🌍 Social: Inequalities based on gender, race, age, disability, or religion.

• 💰 Economic: Income and wealth gaps within and between countries.

• 🚫 Opportunity: Unequal access to healthcare, education, and jobs.

3. Global Inequality Challenges:

• ⚠ 1 in 6 people globally has experienced discrimination.

• 👩 Women face wage gaps and unequal labor market participation.

• 🧑‍🦳 Older persons, migrants, and refugees often face discrimination and lack opportunities.

• 🚼 Preventable deaths: Women and children suffer from diseases due to lack of healthcare.

4. Time Needed to Close Major Inequality Gaps:

• 300 years to end child marriage.

• 286 years to close gaps in legal protections.

• 140 years for equal workplace representation.

• 47 years for gender equality in national parliaments.

🏙 III. Sustainable Cities and Communities (SDG 11)

1. What are Sustainable Cities and Communities?

• Urban areas designed to be eco-friendly, inclusive, and resilient to environmental and social challenges.

• Aim to reduce environmental impact and provide safe, efficient living spaces for growing populations.

2. Characteristics of Sustainable Cities:

• 🧹 Cleanliness and Efficiency: Use resources wisely with minimal waste.

• 🛡 Resilience: Built to withstand natural disasters and economic shocks.

• 🌳 Public Green Spaces: Parks and gardens improve public health and reduce pollution.

• 🏢 Green Buildings: Use renewable energy (e.g., solar power) and efficient technologies.

• 🚶 Active Transportation: Promote walking, cycling, and public transport over private cars.

3. Urbanization and Its Challenges:

• 🌆 Rapid Urbanization:

  • 50% of the global population lived in cities (2020), projected to reach 70% by 2050.

  • Growth in mega-cities (cities with over 10 million people) is accelerating.

• 🚧 Urban Slums:

  • In 2020, over 1.1 billion people lived in slums or slum-like conditions.

  • By 2050, an additional 2 billion people could live in such settlements.

4. Sustainable Urban Development (SUD):

• Definition: Planning and managing cities to meet current needs without compromising future generations.

• Goals of SUD:

  • 🌱 Environmental Sustainability: Minimize resource depletion and pollution.

  • 💰 Economic Sustainability: Support local businesses and provide job opportunities.

  • 👥 Social Sustainability: Ensure equitable access to services and housing.

• Key Approach: Reduce urbanization's impact on natural resources and ecosystems.