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unit 1

Structuralism - used INTROSPECTION (act of looking inward to examine mental

experience) to determine the underlying STRUCTURES of the mind



Functionalism - need to analyze the PURPOSE of behavior



Evolutionary - Genes



Humanistic - free will, choice, ideal, actualization 



Biological - Brain, NTs



Cognitive - Perceptions, thoughts



Behavioral - learned, reinforced



Psychoanalytic/dynamic - unconscious, childhood 



Sociocultural - society



Biopsychosocial - combo of above



EXPERIMENT: advantages: researcher controls variables to establish cause and effect



Independent Variable: manipulated by the researcher



Experimental Group: received the treatment (part of the IV)



Control Group: placebo, baseline (part of the IV)



Placebo Effect: show behaviors associated with the exp. group when having received

placebo 



Double-Blind: Exp. where neither the participant or the experimenter are aware

of which condition people are assigned to



Dependent Variable: measured variable (is DEPENDENT on the independent variable)



Operational Definition: clear, precise, typically quantifiable definition of your variables

- allows replication



Confound: error/ flaw in study



Random Assignment: assigns participants to either control or experimental group at

random

- minimizes bias, increase chance of equal representation



Random Sample: method for choosing participants - minimizes bias

Reliability: same results every time



NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION(observe people in their own setting) Disadv: No

cause and effect



CORRELATION: Adv: identify relationship between two variables Disadv: No cause

and effect



INFERENTIAL STATISTICS: establishes significance (meaningfulness) Significant

results = NOT due to chance



ETHICAL GUIDELINES (APA) Confidentiality, Informed Consent, Debriefing,

Deception must be warranted



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unit 1

Structuralism - used INTROSPECTION (act of looking inward to examine mental

experience) to determine the underlying STRUCTURES of the mind

Functionalism - need to analyze the PURPOSE of behavior


Evolutionary - Genes


Humanistic - free will, choice, ideal, actualization 


Biological - Brain, NTs


Cognitive - Perceptions, thoughts


Behavioral - learned, reinforced


Psychoanalytic/dynamic - unconscious, childhood 


Sociocultural - society


Biopsychosocial - combo of above


EXPERIMENT: advantages: researcher controls variables to establish cause and effect


Independent Variable: manipulated by the researcher


Experimental Group: received the treatment (part of the IV)


Control Group: placebo, baseline (part of the IV)


Placebo Effect: show behaviors associated with the exp. group when having received

placebo 


Double-Blind: Exp. where neither the participant or the experimenter are aware

of which condition people are assigned to


Dependent Variable: measured variable (is DEPENDENT on the independent variable)


Operational Definition: clear, precise, typically quantifiable definition of your variables

- allows replication


Confound: error/ flaw in study


Random Assignment: assigns participants to either control or experimental group at

random

- minimizes bias, increase chance of equal representation


Random Sample: method for choosing participants - minimizes bias

Reliability: same results every time


NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION(observe people in their own setting) Disadv: No

cause and effect


CORRELATION: Adv: identify relationship between two variables Disadv: No cause

and effect


INFERENTIAL STATISTICS: establishes significance (meaningfulness) Significant

results = NOT due to chance


ETHICAL GUIDELINES (APA) Confidentiality, Informed Consent, Debriefing,

Deception must be warranted