Structuralism - used INTROSPECTION (act of looking inward to examine mental
experience) to determine the underlying STRUCTURES of the mind
Functionalism - need to analyze the PURPOSE of behavior
Evolutionary - Genes
Humanistic - free will, choice, ideal, actualization
Biological - Brain, NTs
Cognitive - Perceptions, thoughts
Behavioral - learned, reinforced
Psychoanalytic/dynamic - unconscious, childhood
Sociocultural - society
Biopsychosocial - combo of above
EXPERIMENT: advantages: researcher controls variables to establish cause and effect
Independent Variable: manipulated by the researcher
Experimental Group: received the treatment (part of the IV)
Control Group: placebo, baseline (part of the IV)
Placebo Effect: show behaviors associated with the exp. group when having received
placebo
Double-Blind: Exp. where neither the participant or the experimenter are aware
of which condition people are assigned to
Dependent Variable: measured variable (is DEPENDENT on the independent variable)
Operational Definition: clear, precise, typically quantifiable definition of your variables
- allows replication
Confound: error/ flaw in study
Random Assignment: assigns participants to either control or experimental group at
random
- minimizes bias, increase chance of equal representation
Random Sample: method for choosing participants - minimizes bias
Reliability: same results every time
NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION(observe people in their own setting) Disadv: No
cause and effect
CORRELATION: Adv: identify relationship between two variables Disadv: No cause
and effect
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS: establishes significance (meaningfulness) Significant
results = NOT due to chance
ETHICAL GUIDELINES (APA) Confidentiality, Informed Consent, Debriefing,
Deception must be warranted
unit 1
Structuralism - used INTROSPECTION (act of looking inward to examine mental
experience) to determine the underlying STRUCTURES of the mind
Functionalism - need to analyze the PURPOSE of behavior
Evolutionary - Genes
Humanistic - free will, choice, ideal, actualization
Biological - Brain, NTs
Cognitive - Perceptions, thoughts
Behavioral - learned, reinforced
Psychoanalytic/dynamic - unconscious, childhood
Sociocultural - society
Biopsychosocial - combo of above
EXPERIMENT: advantages: researcher controls variables to establish cause and effect
Independent Variable: manipulated by the researcher
Experimental Group: received the treatment (part of the IV)
Control Group: placebo, baseline (part of the IV)
Placebo Effect: show behaviors associated with the exp. group when having received
placebo
Double-Blind: Exp. where neither the participant or the experimenter are aware
of which condition people are assigned to
Dependent Variable: measured variable (is DEPENDENT on the independent variable)
Operational Definition: clear, precise, typically quantifiable definition of your variables
- allows replication
Confound: error/ flaw in study
Random Assignment: assigns participants to either control or experimental group at
random
- minimizes bias, increase chance of equal representation
Random Sample: method for choosing participants - minimizes bias
Reliability: same results every time
NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION(observe people in their own setting) Disadv: No
cause and effect
CORRELATION: Adv: identify relationship between two variables Disadv: No cause
and effect
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS: establishes significance (meaningfulness) Significant
results = NOT due to chance
ETHICAL GUIDELINES (APA) Confidentiality, Informed Consent, Debriefing,
Deception must be warranted