unit 1

Structuralism - used INTROSPECTION (act of looking inward to examine mental

experience) to determine the underlying STRUCTURES of the mind

Functionalism - need to analyze the PURPOSE of behavior

Evolutionary - Genes

Humanistic - free will, choice, ideal, actualization 

Biological - Brain, NTs

Cognitive - Perceptions, thoughts

Behavioral - learned, reinforced

Psychoanalytic/dynamic - unconscious, childhood 

Sociocultural - society

Biopsychosocial - combo of above

EXPERIMENT: advantages: researcher controls variables to establish cause and effect

Independent Variable: manipulated by the researcher

Experimental Group: received the treatment (part of the IV)

Control Group: placebo, baseline (part of the IV)

Placebo Effect: show behaviors associated with the exp. group when having received

placebo 

Double-Blind: Exp. where neither the participant or the experimenter are aware

of which condition people are assigned to

Dependent Variable: measured variable (is DEPENDENT on the independent variable)

Operational Definition: clear, precise, typically quantifiable definition of your variables

- allows replication

Confound: error/ flaw in study

Random Assignment: assigns participants to either control or experimental group at

random

- minimizes bias, increase chance of equal representation

Random Sample: method for choosing participants - minimizes bias

Reliability: same results every time

NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION(observe people in their own setting) Disadv: No

cause and effect

CORRELATION: Adv: identify relationship between two variables Disadv: No cause

and effect

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS: establishes significance (meaningfulness) Significant

results = NOT due to chance

ETHICAL GUIDELINES (APA) Confidentiality, Informed Consent, Debriefing,

Deception must be warranted