6-5

SECTION 6-5: KINGDOM 4-PLANTS

PART 1: PLANTS FEATURES

A) Eukaryotes w/ organelles

B) Multicellular

C) Cells surrounded by a cell wall

D) Evolved 440 million years ago from algae

E) Plant Energy

1) Autotrophs= Photosynthesis in chloroplast

2) Heterotrophs= Carnivorous plants
a)Venus Fly Traps

b) Sundew

c) Pitcher Plant

PART 2: THE 4 GROWTH FACTORS

A) Sunlight

B) Temperature

C) Gas Exchange(O2 and CO2)

D) Water & Minerals


PART 3: THE 4 PLANT TYPES

In Order Of Evolution

Plant #1- Seedless Nonvascular

A) 1st land plants

B) Must live in wet areas

Move water only a few cm with osmosis

D) They reproduce with spores made inside capsules

E) Fossils became fossil fuels

F) Examples= Moss and Liverworts

Plant #2- Seedless Vascular

A) First Forests

B) Reproduce by releasing spores

C) Fossils became most modern fossil fuels

D) Examples include Ferns and Horse Tail

E) 1st Vascular Tissues= tissues that transport nutrients and all plants to live

away from water and grow large

a) Xylem= moves water

b )Phloem= moves nutrients

F) 1st Specialized organs

a) Root= underground organ that absorbs water & nutrients

b) Stem= supportive organ that transports water & nutrients

c) Leaves= photosynthetic organs

Plant #3-Cone Bearing Plants

FEATURES

A) Have vascular tissue and organs that allow them to grow huge and further

from water (Largest species ever= Sequoia Trees)

a) Some leaves are needles (1 st /Only)

B) Reproduce using the 1 st /Only Cones that make the 1 st seeds

a)Female cones produce exposed plant eggs (1 st ) (female gamete)

b) Male cones produce pollen (1 st ) (male gamete)

c) Seed=fertilized embryo surrounded by a food supply
C) Examples=

Cycads and Conifers

PLANT #4-FLOWERING PLANTS

FEATURES

A) Have vascular tissues and have organs and can survive in most ecosystems

B) 1 st /Only Flowers And Fruit

1) Flowers=seed producing structure that contains both male and

female reproductive parts

a) Stamen= the male part of the flower that produces pollen

b) Carpel= the female part of the flower that contains the

ovary

c) Fruit=ripened ovary of a flower that contains one or more

seeds

d) Pollination= form of mutualism where organisms aid in f

lower reproduction by helping distribute pollen to various

carpel

C) Newest plants AND largest diversity of all plants

220,000 more species than next largest group due to pollination + genetic

recombination

PLANTS & ECOLOGY

A) Food Webs

Producers= Primary source of carbohydrates

B) Nutrient Cycles

Photosynthesis (C, O, N and H2O)

Decomposition provides nutrients to the community

C) Symbiosis (all types)

D) Fuels

E) Medicines & Products