Leadership + Management

Nature

Focus

• leader

  • Focuses on change

  • Innovates and sets a vision for the future

• Manager

  • Focuses on order and stability

Roles

• Leader

  • Guides the organization towards achieving its goal

  • Motivates and inspires employees

  • Fosters a positive organizational culture

• Manager

  • Develops resources to support organizational needs

  • Allocates resources effectively to ensure productivity

  • Maintains resources to sustain ongoing operations

Plan

Strategic planning: Where?

• Focuses on long-term goals and the overall direction of the organization

• Defines the mission, vision, and objectives

• Considers external factors such as market trends and competition

• Ex. Deciding to expand business operations to a new geographic region

Tactical planning: What?

• Focuses on short-term actions and specific tasks needed to achieve strategic goals

• Breaks down the strategic plan into actionable steps

• Involves setting measurable targets and timelines

• Ex. Developing a marketing campaign to attract customers in the new region

Operational planning: How?

• Focuses on day-to-day operations and processes

• Provides detailed instructions on how tasks should be carried out

• Ensures that resources are used efficiently to meet tactical goals

• Ex. Scheduling staff shifts and managing inventory for the marketing campaign

Contingency planning: What if?

• Focuses on preparing for unexpected events and potential risks

• Identifies alternative courses of action in case the original plan fails

• Helps the organization respond quickly to crises and minimize disruptions

• Ex. Developing a backup plan for supply chain disruptions during the marketing campaign

Lead

Aspects

• Authority

  • Power or right to make decisions, give orders, and enforce obedience

• Responsibility

  • Duty to carry out tasks and roles effectively

• Accountability

  • Obligation to answer for one’s actions and decisions

Responsibilities

• Vision

  • Communicate the organization’s vision clearly

  • Rally employees to support and work towards the vision

• Values

  • Establish and uphold corporate values

• Ethics

  • Promote ethical behaviour and practices within the organization

• Transformational Change

  • Drive and manage change to improve the organization

• Accountability and Responsibility

  • Model accountable and responsible behaviour

  • Emphasize the importance of these traits within the team

Styles

• Autocratic

  • Workers inform the leader and the leader makes decisions

• Participate

  • Employees in the decision-making process

• Free Rein

  • Leader coaches and supports workers while allowing them to be self-governing

  • Workers have the freedom to use resources as needed

SWOT

Strengths

• Positive attributes and resources that the business possesses

• Ex. Strong brand reputation, skilled and experienced workforce, financial stability

Weaknesses (Internal to the firm)

• Internal factors that hinder the business’s performance and growth

• Ex. Outdated technology, high employee turnover, and limited financial resources

Opportunities (External to the firm)

• External factors that the organization can capitalize on to achieve its goals

• Ex. Emerging markets, technological advancements, and changes in consumer preferences

Threats (External to the firm)

• External factors that could negatively impact the business

• Ex. Increased competition, economic downturns, and regulatory changes that impose constraints

Control

Set

• Define clear and specific KPIs based on business’s goals

• Ex. Set a KPI to increase monthly sales by 10%

Measure

• Regulatory, collect data to tack the performance of KPIs

• Ex. Measure monthly sales figures to monitor progress

Compare

• Evaluate the measured performance against the set KPI targets

• Ex. Compare actual monthly sales figures with the target of a 10% increase

Correct

• Identify any deviations from the KPI targets and take corrective actions

• Ex. If sales didn’t increase as expected, analyze the reasons, and implement strategies to improve

Revise

• periodically review ad adjust KPIs to ensure they remain relevant and aligned with the business’s goals

• Ex. Revise the sales target if market conditions change or new opportunities arise

Organize

Roles

• Divide takes (division of labor)

  • Break down tasks into smaller, manageable components

  • Assign specific tasks to individuals based on their skills and expertise

• Group (Departmentalizations)

  • Group related tasks into departments or teams

  • Organize departments based on functions, products, geography, and customer segments

• Assign (Delegation)

  • Assign tasks and responsibilities to employees

  • Empower employees with the authority to complete their tasks

• Skills required

  • Technical

    • Task-oriented skills specific to a particular job or function

• H.R.

  • Skills related to communication, motivation, and interpersonal relationships

• Conceptual

  • Skills for understanding the organization as a whole and how different parts interact