Science Quiz

Vocab:

Matter & Energy Unit -

                    Temperature - a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in and object

Degrees - Are equally spaced units between two points. The space between degrees can vary from one scale to another.

Kevin Scale - is a temperature scale developed by Lord Kelvin, which is used primarily in scientific contexts and is based on absolute zero.

Thermal energy - the total kinetic energy of all particles in a substance

Heat - the transfer of thermal energy from an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature.

Calorie - an equal amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 C at sea level

Conduction - is the transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another through direct contact.

Conductor - a material that transfers heat very well

Insulator -a material that is a poor conductor of heat

Convection - a transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a fluid like a liquid or gas

Radiation - that transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves

Human Impact on Land

Natural Areas - places that humans have left alone or restored to a natural state

Urbanization - the growth of urban areas caused by people moving into the cities.

Decomposers - organisms that break down dead animal and plant material

Land degradation - the process by which human activity and natural processes damage land to the point that it can no longer support the local ecosystem

Urban sprawl - When urbanization occurs at the edge of a city or town

Erosion - the process by which wind, water, or gravity transport soil and sediment from one place to another.

Desertification - is the process by which land becomes more desert and unable to support life

Deforestation - is the removal of trees and other vegetation from an area.

Absolute Dating

Atomic number - number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Mass number - The total number protons and neutrons in an atoms nucleus

Absolute Dating - The actual age of an event or object in years

Nuclear reaction - is a change that affects the nucleus of an atom.

Radioactive decay - isotopes that are unstable and break down into other stable isotopes.

Half life - the time needed for half of a sample of a radioactive element to undergo radioactive decay and form daughter isotopes

finding the absolute age of a sample determining the relative percentages of a radioactive parent isotope and a stable daughter isotope