Social Problems - Chapter 9

Health - a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

Infant mortality rate - the number of babies, of every 1,000 born, who die before their first birthday

Life expectancy at birth -  the number of years, on average, people in a society can expect to live

Chronic disease - an illness that has a long-term development

Acute disease - an illness that strikes suddenly

Social epidemiology -  the study of how health and disease are distributed throughout a society's population

Epidemic -  the rapid spreading of disease through a society's population

Socialized medicine - a medical care system in which the government owns and operates most medical facilities and employs most physicians

Direct-fee system - a medical system in which patients or their insurers pay directly for the services of physicians and hospitals 

Health maintenance organizations - private insurance organizations that provide medical care to subscribers for a fixed fee

Prenatal care - healthcare for women during pregnancy

Disability  - a physical or mental condition that limits everyday activities

Mental disorder - a condition involving thinking, mod, or behavior that causes distress and reduces a person's ability to function in everyday life 

Psychotherapy - an approach to mental health in which patients talk with trained professionals to gain insight into the causes of their problems, resulting in change to troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. 

Deinstitutionalization - the release of people from mental institutions into local communties

1802-1887 Dorthea Dix - people with mental illness should be cared for in an asylum

1856-1939 Sigmund Freud

1981 - AIDS identified 

2010  - Affordable Care Act, Obama’s Health Care Law passed, extended health care coverage to everyone

2019 - Republican tax reform removed penalty for not having health care

1990 - National Institutes of Health create the Office of Research on Women's Health

1990 - Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act, prohibiting discrimination against those with disabilities

1964 - Civil Rights Act

1997 - Definition of disability in the Americans with Disabilities Act is expanded to physical AND mental disabilities

2000 - Supreme Court narrowed the definition of a disability 

2010 - Congress increased protection for those with disabilities 

2019 - COVID-19 is recognized

2020 - COVID-19 is declared a global pandemic

1963 - Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act