Untitled Flashcards Set

Term:
A perspective that attributes psychological disorders to supernatural forces, including demons, spirits, or divine punishment.

Definition/Answer:
This perspective often involves practices aimed at addressing mental disturbances by targeting perceived supernatural influences.

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How does the Biological Tradition explain psychological disorders?

Definition/Answer:
It focuses on factors such as genetics, brain chemistry, and neurological function as the primary causes of mental health issues.

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What is the Psychological Tradition in the context of psychological disorders?

Definition/Answer:
This approach emphasizes the role of emotions, thoughts, behaviors, and environmental influences in understanding and treating mental health conditions.

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What role did exorcism play in the Supernatural Tradition?

Definition/Answer:
It was a common practice aimed at removing perceived evil influences believed to cause mental disturbances.

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What biological treatments are commonly associated with the Biological Tradition?

Definition/Answer:
Common interventions include medications, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and surgical procedures targeting brain function.

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What psychological treatments fall under the Psychological Tradition?

Definition/Answer:
Examples include therapies that focus on changing thought patterns, addressing emotional issues, and modifying behaviors.

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How do supernatural beliefs influence coping strategies in psychological distress?

Definition/Answer:
Individuals may seek spiritual or community-based interventions rather than medical or psychological treatments.

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What do biological theorists believe about the genetic basis of psychological disorders?

Definition/Answer:
They argue that many mental health conditions have a hereditary component and can be passed down through families.

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How does the Psychological Tradition address the environment's effect on mental health?

Definition/Answer:
It highlights the importance of life experiences, social relationships, and external factors in shaping mental health.

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Cognitive behavioral therapy's role in addressing learned behaviors.

Definition/Answer:
This therapy helps individuals identify and change maladaptive patterns of thinking and behavior.

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The influence of cultural stigma on seeking help for psychological disorders.

Definition/Answer:
Negative societal attitudes can discourage individuals from seeking treatment due to fear of judgment or shame.

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Neurotransmitters involved in psychological disorders.

Definition/Answer:
Key chemicals in the brain, such as dopamine and serotonin, play a significant role in regulating mood and behavior.

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The impact of peer relationships on adolescent mental health.

Definition/Answer:
These relationships can serve as both protective factors and sources of stress during adolescence.

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The role of family history in psychological disorders.

Definition/Answer:
A history of mental health conditions in the family can increase an individual's risk due to genetic and environmental factors.

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The effect of socioeconomic status on mental health.

Definition/Answer:
Lower levels of income and resources are often linked to higher stress and limited access to mental health care.

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Psychological resilience as a protective factor.

Definition/Answer:
The ability to adapt to stress and adversity can reduce the likelihood of developing mental health issues.

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The impact of gender roles on mental health.

Definition/Answer:
Societal expectations based on gender can contribute to stress and influence the development of psychological disorders.

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Social isolation's effect on mental health.

Definition/Answer:
Lack of social connections can worsen feelings of loneliness and contribute to mental health challenges.

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Biological therapies targeting neurotransmitter levels.

Definition/Answer:
These treatments aim to balance brain chemicals to alleviate symptoms of mental health conditions.

Term:
What is the Supernatural Tradition in psychology?

Definition/Answer:
A viewpoint that connects mental health issues to supernatural entities such as demons, spirits, or divine punishment.

Term:
How does the Biological Tradition interpret psychological disorders?

Definition/Answer:
It considers mental health conditions to arise from biological elements, including genetics and brain chemistry.

Term:
What is the Psychological Tradition regarding psychological disorders?

Definition/Answer:
An approach highlighting the significance of emotions, thoughts, behaviors, and environmental influences.

Term:
What function did exorcism serve in the Supernatural Tradition?

Definition/Answer:
It was commonly used to remove perceived evil influences believed to cause mental disturbances.

Term:
Which biological treatments are typically linked to the Biological Tradition?

Definition/Answer:
Interventions like medication, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and surgical procedures are prevalent.

Term:
What types of psychological therapies are included under the Psychological Tradition?

Definition/Answer:
Examples include therapies that focus on changing thought patterns, addressing emotions, and modifying behaviors.

Term:
In what way do supernatural beliefs affect coping mechanisms for psychological distress?

Definition/Answer:
Individuals may seek spiritual or community-based interventions rather than medical or psychological treatments.

Term:
What is the biological theorists' perspective on the genetic roots of psychological disorders?

Definition/Answer:
They assert that many mental health conditions have genetic links and can occur in families.

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How does the Psychological Tradition consider the impact of the environment on mental health?

Definition/Answer:
It acknowledges the role of life experiences, social connections, and external factors in mental health.

Term:
What are diagnostic manuals in psychology?

Definition/Answer:
Standardized classification systems used by professionals to diagnose mental health conditions.

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What types of clinical interviews are commonly used in psychology?

Definition/Answer:
Common types include structured, semi-structured, and unstructured formats, varying in flexibility.

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What does understanding presenting issues entail in a clinical context?

Definition/Answer:
Identifying and assessing the primary concerns or symptoms a client brings to therapy.

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What is the purpose of diagnostic manuals?

Definition/Answer:
To provide a common language and framework for diagnosing and classifying mental health conditions.

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How do structured clinical interviews differ from unstructured ones?

Definition/Answer:
Structured formats follow a specific set of questions, while unstructured formats allow more flexibility.

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Why is it important to understand presenting issues in therapy?

Definition/Answer:
It helps therapists create effective treatment plans tailored to the client's specific challenges.

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What is the clinical significance of a psychological disorder?

Definition/Answer:
It refers to the practical importance of a treatment effect on daily life and functioning.

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How do family studies contribute to our understanding of psychological disorders?

Definition/Answer:
They assess the prevalence of mental health conditions among blood relatives to evaluate genetic risks.

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What role do twin studies play in psychological research?

Definition/Answer:
They compare similarities and differences between identical and fraternal twins to study genetic and environmental influences.

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What is the value of adoption studies in understanding psychological disorders?

Definition/Answer:
They examine individuals who were adopted to separate genetic and environmental factors.

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What types of experimental research are used in psychology?

Definition/Answer:
Common types include laboratory experiments, field experiments, and natural experiments.

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What is the significance of understanding effects in terms of experimental research?

Definition/Answer:
It helps determine causality and the impact of independent variables on dependent variables.

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How do randomized controlled trials assess psychological treatments?

Definition/Answer:
They involve randomly assigning participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate intervention effectiveness.

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What is the focus of longitudinal studies in psychology?

Definition/Answer:
They track the same individuals over time to observe changes and developments in psychological traits.

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Why are meta-analyses important in psychological research?

Definition/Answer:
They synthesize findings from multiple studies to provide a comprehensive overview of evidence.

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How do case studies contribute to experimental research?

Definition/Answer:
They provide in-depth examinations of individuals or groups, generating hypotheses for further research.

Term:
What are the underlying causes of anxiety disorders?

Definition/Answer:
They can result from a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors.

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What treatments are effective for managing anxiety disorders?

Definition/Answer:
Common treatments include therapy, medication, mindfulness techniques, and lifestyle changes.

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How do panic attacks differ from phobias and agoraphobia?

Definition/Answer:
Panic attacks are sudden episodes of intense fear, while phobias involve specific fears and agoraphobia involves fear of situations where escape might be difficult.

Term:
What is Social Anxiety Disorder and its core characteristics?

Definition/Answer:
It is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one may be judged or embarrassed.

Term:
What role does genetics play in the development of anxiety?

Definition/Answer:
Genetics can increase vulnerability by influencing brain chemistry and stress responses.

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What types of therapy are commonly used to treat Social Anxiety Disorder?

Definition/Answer:
Common therapies include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure therapy, and social skills training.

Term:
How can environmental factors contribute to anxiety?

Definition/Answer:
Stressful life events, trauma, and social contexts can trigger or worsen anxiety symptoms.

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What are some coping strategies for managing anxiety symptoms?

Definition/Answer:
Strategies include deep breathing, physical activity, building a support network, and relaxation techniques.

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How does panic disorder differ from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

Definition/Answer:
Panic disorder involves recurrent panic attacks, while GAD involves chronic, excessive worry about various aspects of life.

Term:
How can exposure therapy help individuals with phobias?

Definition/Answer:
It gradually exposes individuals to feared objects or situations, reducing avoidance behavior.

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What are common physical symptoms of panic attacks?

Definition/Answer:
Symptoms include heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, and sweating.

Term:
How does avoidant behavior correlate with Social Anxiety Disorder?

Definition/Answer:
It often leads to missing out on social interactions, reinforcing anxiety over time.

Term:
What is the impact of childhood experiences on anxiety development?

Definition/Answer:
Trauma and parental anxiety during childhood can increase the likelihood of developing anxiety disorders.

Term:
How can medication aid in the treatment of anxiety disorders?

Definition/Answer:
Medications can regulate neurotransmitter levels, reducing symptoms and improving functioning.

Term:
What is agoraphobia and how is it treated?

Definition/Answer:
It is the fear of being in situations where escape may be difficult, often treated with therapy and gradual exposure.

Term:
How do cultural factors influence anxiety symptoms and treatment?

Definition/Answer:
Cultural norms can shape how symptoms are expressed and influence willingness to seek treatment.

Term:
What is the effectiveness of group therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder?

Definition/Answer:
It provides a supportive environment for practicing social skills and reducing anxiety.

Term:
What techniques are employed in CBT for treating anxiety disorders?

Definition/Answer:
Techniques include cognitive restructuring, exposure exercises, and relaxation training.

Term:
What subtypes are commonly identified in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

Definition/Answer:
Common subtypes include contamination fears, checking behaviors, symmetry concerns, and hoarding.

Term:
What proportion of individuals with OCD experience obsessions related to symmetry?

Definition/Answer:
About 30% of individuals with OCD have obsessions focused on symmetry.

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How effective is Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) in the treatment of OCD?

Definition/Answer:
ERP shows significant improvements in 60-70% of patients with OCD.

Term:
What medications are typically used in the treatment of OCD?

Definition/Answer:
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed for OCD.

Term:
What are the main differences between OCD and Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)?

Definition/Answer:
OCD involves obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors, while BDD focuses on perceived physical flaws.

Term:
In what way do Eating Disorders differ from OCD?

Definition/Answer:
Eating Disorders focus on food intake and body image, while OCD involves intrusive thoughts and repetitive rituals.

Term:
Why is understanding the subtypes of OCD important for treatment?

Definition/Answer:
It helps tailor treatment approaches to address specific symptoms and behaviors.

Term:
What therapeutic methods are useful for distinguishing between OCD and Eating Disorders?

Definition/Answer:
Cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques targeting cognitive distortions and behaviors are beneficial.

Term:
Which subtype of OCD is characterized by fears of mistakes or causing harm?

Definition/Answer:
The doubting/checking subtype involves fears about making mistakes or causing harm.

Term:
What percentage of OCD sufferers deal with contamination fears?

Definition/Answer:
Approximately 40% of individuals with OCD experience contamination fears.

Term:
What is Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD)?

Definition/Answer:
A condition arising from prolonged exposure to trauma, leading to severe emotional distress and interpersonal difficulties.

Term:
How does C-PTSD differ from PTSD?

Definition/Answer:
C-PTSD includes additional symptoms like emotional dysregulation, self-identity issues, and relationship problems.

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What are the key symptoms of C-PTSD?

Definition/Answer:
Symptoms include chronic emptiness, relationship difficulties, emotional dysregulation, and negative self-perception.

Term:
What is Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?

Definition/Answer:
A severe form of dissociation involving two or more distinct personality states or identities.

Term:
How can individuals differentiate DID from other dissociative disorders?

Definition/Answer:
DID is marked by distinct identities and memory gaps, while other dissociative disorders involve a single identity.

Term:
What are the different types of dissociation?

Definition/Answer:
Types include depersonalization, derealization, and dissociative amnesia.

Term:
What treatments are effective for managing PTSD?

Definition/Answer:
Effective treatments include trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), EMDR, and medication.

Term:
How can cognitive-behavioral therapy help individuals with PTSD?

Definition/Answer:
It helps process trauma, change negative thought patterns, and develop coping strategies.

Term:
What role does EMDR play in the treatment of PTSD?

Definition/Answer:
It helps process traumatic memories through guided eye movements, integrating them into a coherent narrative.

Term:
What self-care strategies are beneficial for those with PTSD?

Definition/Answer:
Strategies include mindfulness, physical activity, maintaining a support network, and healthy routines.

Term:
What is the significance of a strong therapeutic alliance in treating PTSD?

Definition/Answer:
It fosters trust and support, enhancing treatment outcomes.

Term:
What are the key features of depression during the grieving process?

Definition/Answer:
Features include persistent sadness, loss of interest, and feelings of hopelessness.

Term:
What criteria are used to diagnose a Major Depressive Episode?

Definition/Answer:
Criteria include depressed mood, loss of interest, weight changes, sleep disturbances, fatigue, worthlessness, concentration issues, and suicidal thoughts.

Term:
What types of treatment are commonly recommended for depression?

Definition/Answer:
Treatments include psychotherapy, medication, and lifestyle changes.

Term:
How does prolonged grief differ from Major Depressive Episode?

Definition/Answer:
Prolonged grief involves sustained sorrow, while Major Depressive Episode includes broader symptoms.

Term:
What therapeutic approaches are effective in addressing depression related to grief?

Definition/Answer:
Approaches include grief counseling, support groups, and cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Term:
What role does antidepressant medication play in treating depression?

Definition/Answer:
It helps regulate mood by affecting neurotransmitter levels in the brain.

Term:
How can cognitive-behavioral therapy assist those dealing with depression?

Definition/Answer:
It helps identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors.

Term:
What impact does bereavement have on mental health?

Definition/Answer:
It can trigger or worsen depressive symptoms, requiring careful monitoring.

Term:
How do social support systems aid in recovery from depression?

Definition/Answer:
They provide emotional comfort, practical help, and companionship, mitigating depression.

Term:
What are the signs that grief has escalated to a Major Depressive Episode?

Definition/Answer:
Signs include persistent emptiness, inability to function, and thoughts of self-harm.

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What are eating disorders, and what do they include?

Definition/Answer:
Psychological conditions characterized by abnormal eating habits, including restrictive eating, bingeing, and purging.

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What is binge eating, and how does it affect individuals?

Definition/Answer:
Consuming large quantities of food in a short period, often leading to guilt and distress.

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What is purging, and why do individuals with eating disorders engage in it?

Definition/Answer:
Expelling food from the body to prevent weight gain, often through vomiting or laxative use.

Term:
What are common risk factors for developing an eating disorder?

Definition/Answer:
Risk factors include genetics, low self-esteem, societal pressures, and trauma.

Term:
How do cultural influences contribute to eating disorders?

Definition/Answer:
Cultural expectations and media portrayals of thinness can heighten body dissatisfaction.

Term:
What types of treatment options are available for individuals with eating disorders?

Definition/Answer:
Treatments include psychotherapy, nutritional counseling, medical management, and support groups.

Term:
What role does cognitive behavioral therapy play in treating eating disorders?

Definition/Answer:
It helps individuals identify and change disordered thoughts and behaviors related to eating.