Term	Definition
SNCC	Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee; grassroots civil rights group known for sit-ins and freedom rides.
CORE	Congress of Racial Equality; early civil rights organization advocating nonviolent protest.
SCLC	Southern Christian Leadership Conference; founded by MLK Jr. to coordinate civil rights activities.
Black Panthers	Militant group advocating Black Power and community self-defense.
Civil Rights Act of 1957	First civil rights legislation since Reconstruction; aimed to protect voting rights.
Civil Rights Act of 1964	Outlawed segregation and discrimination in public places and employment.
Brown v. Board of Ed	1954 Supreme Court case declaring segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
24th Amendment	Prohibited poll taxes in federal elections.
Freedom Rides	Civil rights activists who rode buses into segregated Southern states to challenge segregation laws.
Heart of Atlanta Hotel v. U.S.	1964 Supreme Court case that upheld the Civil Rights Act of 1964 using the Commerce Clause.
Stokely Carmichael	Civil rights activist known for promoting “Black Power.”
Martin Luther King Jr.	Leader of the civil rights movement; known for nonviolent resistance and 'I Have a Dream' speech.
Jackie Robinson	First African American to play Major League Baseball.
Malcolm X	Black Muslim leader who promoted Black nationalism and self-defense.
Rosa Parks	Sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott by refusing to give up her seat.
March on Washington	1963 rally for civil rights where MLK Jr. delivered his famous speech.
Little Rock, Arkansas	Site where federal troops enforced school desegregation in 1957.
James Meredith	First African American to attend the University of Mississippi.
Emmett Till	14-year-old murdered in Mississippi in 1955, igniting national civil rights outrage.
Medger Evers	NAACP leader assassinated in 1963.
Letter from Birmingham Jail	MLK’s defense of nonviolent protest, written while imprisoned.
Levittown	Suburban housing developments symbolizing post-WWII growth and white flight.
New Frontier	JFK’s domestic program focused on education, civil rights, and space exploration.
John F. Kennedy	35th president; led during the Cold War and Civil Rights Movement.
Great Society	Lyndon Johnson’s programs to eliminate poverty and racial injustice.
Peace Corps	Volunteer program created by JFK to aid developing nations.
Weather Underground	Radical left-wing group that used violent protest during the Vietnam War era.
SDS	Students for a Democratic Society; key organization in the New Left movement.
Affirmative Action	Policies to increase educational and employment opportunities for minorities and women.
War Powers Act	1973 law limiting the president’s ability to deploy troops without Congressional approval.
Baby Boom	Post-WWII population explosion in the U.S.
Richard Nixon	37th president; resigned due to the Watergate scandal.
Watergate	Scandal involving a break-in at Democratic headquarters; led to Nixon’s resignation.
Pentagon Papers	Leaked documents revealing government deception in Vietnam War policies.
Barry Goldwater	Conservative senator and 1964 Republican presidential nominee.
Woodstock Music Festival	1969 counterculture music festival symbolizing the hippie movement.
Neil Armstrong	First man to walk on the moon in 1969.
Earl Warren	Chief Justice of the Supreme Court; expanded civil liberties in landmark cases.
George Wallace	Segregationist governor of Alabama; opposed civil rights.
Spiro Agnew	Nixon’s vice president who resigned due to corruption charges.
Lyndon Johnson	36th president; signed Civil Rights Act and launched Great Society.
Interstate Highway Act	1956 law funding construction of a national highway system; boosted suburban growth.

Stanley Test