New crimes began to be created in this period, such as homophobia, race crimes, abortion and domestic abuse.

Homophobic crime was the crime of discriminating people of a different sexuality (pan, trans, etc.).

Race crime was the crime of being racist to someone of a different colour or culture. (discriminating someone of a different colour or race, in other terms).

Abortion was the crime of terminating your pregnancy.

Domestic violence was the crime of physically assaulting or raping a partner.

Homosexuals were free to be who they wanted to be at this time by the rule of the sexual offences act, 1967. This act allowed men and women over the age of 21 to engage in homosexual activity and have partners of the same gender.

People of a different race were able to freely live in London without racial discrimination. The racial and religious hatred act, 2006, states that any racial or religiously discriminating material or verbal abuse would be a crime.

Mothers could not abort their child, even if they were raped. This was soon abolished and replaced with the abortion act which allowed pregnant women to have an abortion by the practice of a doctor, and the abortion could be done before a certain amount of weeks.

The domestic violence act (1976) provided legal protection to those in an abusive relationship.

1967= Sexual Offenses act, Road Safety Act

1968= Abortion Act, Race Relations Act

1971= Misuse of drugs act

1976= Domestic violence act

2000= Terrorism act

2005= Criminal Justice Act

2015= Modern Slavery Act

The Road Safety Act set out a maximum limit for the amount of alcohol a person could have in their blood stream.

The race relations act made it illegal to refuse people jobs, housing or public services because of their race or country of origin

The Misuse of drugs act banned the possessing, creating or selling drugs to others.

The criminal justice act gave the courts new powers to give more severe punishments for hate crimes such as homophobia.

The sexual offenses act made that homosexuality was no longer illegal over the age of 21.

The domestic violence act gave victims the right to ask for an injunction (ban of a particular action or behaviour) against a violent partner such as banning them from contacting them.

The abortion act was passed in 1960 if the child was going to be disabled or if the mother was at risk, this act increased the number of weeks abortions could be carried out to 28 weeks.

The terrorism act defines terrorism as actions or threats that are designed to influence the government or intimidate the public.

The modern slavery act made all exploitation of another human being illegal.

Quite a few changes occurred in the 20th century in relation to the prisons.

Inmates in 20th century prisons had easy access to drugs. A man was murdered by the inmates, common gang violence occurred, people self-harmed and lots had severe depression and personality disorders.

Officers in 20th century prisons are extremely stressed, constantly victim of danger and having draining mental health.

The environment in the 20th century prisons had a strong scent of cannabis, drugs freely available, drugs and phone smuggling, alcohol brewed, claustrophobic cells, loud and noisy place.

The corruption levels are high, drug and phone smuggling occurring and little medical attention given to inmates.

A conscientious objector was a male who refused to do military work. There were two types of these kind- Absolutists and Alternativists.

Alternativists (CO)- Instead of doing work at the frontline, alternativists would push to do other jobs in the military such as working to provide such as first aid.

Absolutists (CO)- This form of conscientious objector completely and utterly refused to do any form of military work and anything related to it. These people were jailed, and some even put up for the death sentence but luckily never did their death penalty get carried out.

The conscription law said that 18-41 year old men had to join the army, but some got exceptions such as illness, etc.

Conscientious objectors were often seen as cowardly and fragile, also depicted as being feminine.

A borstal is a prison in which mainly convicted boys would go. This was mainly made sto seperate young convicts from adults.

Youth detention centres were introduced as a deterrent for young offenders. They had a more relaxed regime than borstals.

Capital punishment was abolished in 1999.

New police technology- Electronic tagging, Breathalyser, speed cameras, forensic science.

Car crimes- drink/drug driving, driving underage (under age of 17), speeding, parking on a double yellow line.

For capital punishment- It’s a deterrent which is an effective way to get rid of dangerous people (serial killers, etc.)

Against capital punishment- Two wrongs don’t make a right (religious), murdering someone for the sake of someone else, someone can be wrongly killed for doing something they didn’t do.

Changes to the prison system in the 20th century (1896)- Mentally ill prisoners treated separately to other prisoners= Broadmoor hospital

Changes to the prison system in the 20th century (1902)- Hard labour ended= no more treadmills in prison

Changes to the prison system in the 20th century (1907)- Alternatives to prison used= probation officers employed to check on offenders living outside prison.

Changes to the prison system in the 20th century (1922)- increased focus on prison welfare= separate system ended, new initiatives to improve. Educational opportunities introduced.

Changes to the prison system in the 20th century(1933)- new focus for preparing prisoners for life after serving sentence= first open prison, new hall. Open prisons offered a more relaxed regime. Allowed out on day release to work and to prepare to go back to society.

The death penalty was abolished to a few main factors- The Derek Bentley case as well as a few acts which were made.

Homicide act (1957) - Limits death sentence to five categories of murder

Murder act (1965)- suspended death penalty for murder for fiver years

Young Person’s act (1933)- Age limit 18 for death penalty

Infanticide Act (1922) women wouldn’t be punished with death penalty if killed child shortly after birth

Roy Jenkins- Was the home secretary which had strong views about ending the death penalty. Key person in changing the law.

1965- Death penalty abolished for most crimes.

1998- High treason and piracy with violence no longer punishable by death.

The Derek Bentley case was a big reason to the death penalty ending as people believed it was a wrongful death. Derek Bentley was involved with a breaking and entering case where his accomplice killed a police officer. Since Derek wasn’t a minor and his accomplice was, he was the one which was charged with murder. The public got mad at this ruling as Derek seemingly had a low mental age of 11, as well as maybe being misunderstood by his accomplice at the scene of the crime when he said “Give it to him” (the gun.

Neighbourhood watch- Local committee of people that raise awareness of crime and help neighbours to keep an eye on each other’s property.

Specialist drug-trade unit- Disrupt criminal activity and organisations, monitor known drug users, prevent further spread of drug use.

Fraud Squad- Tackle crime in the business and stock market. Also further expanded into art theft.

Dog units- sniff out dogs to find explosives, track and catch criminals and missing persons, strengthen police presence and major events.