Understanding muscles is crucial for studying anatomy, particularly their functions and locations.
Extensor Digitorum Longus: A muscle responsible for extending the fingers.
Levator Labii Superioris Alkenazii: A muscle of facial expression.
Orbicularis Muscles:
Orbicularis Oculi: Circular muscle surrounding the eye, responsible for closing the eyelids.
Orbicularis Oris: Circular muscle around the mouth, responsible for constricting the lips.
Zygomatic Muscles: Responsible for smiling (Zygomatic Major and Minor).
Sternocleidomastoid: Attaches from the mastoid process to the sternum and clavicle; involved in neck rotation.
Trapezius: Muscle responsible for moving shoulder blades and supporting the arm.
External Intercostal Muscles: Elevate ribs during inhalation.
Internal Intercostal Muscles: Involved in forced exhalation, with fibers going in the opposite direction of external intercostals.
Diaphragm: Main muscle of respiration controlled by the phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5). It is essential for breathing in and out.
Rectus Abdominis: Known as the 'six-pack,' involved in trunk flexion and stabilization.
External Obliques: Run diagonally downwards, involved in trunk rotation and lateral flexion.
Internal Obliques: Run diagonally upwards, providing similar functions to external obliques.
Transverse Abdominis: Deepest abdominal muscle, important for core stability.
Linea Alba: Connective tissue separating the left and right rectus abdominis.
Deltoid: Responsible for shoulder abduction and gives contour to the shoulder area.
Pectoralis Major: Primary muscle of the chest; assists in shoulder movement.
Minor Over Major Rule: Minor muscle is superior to major muscle.
Serratus Anterior: Assists in the protraction and rotation of the scapula.
Latissimus Dorsi: Known for shoulder extension, internal rotation, and adduction.
Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus: Serve to stabilize the shoulder joint and facilitate movement.
Teres Major: Not a part of the rotator cuff but works closely with these muscles.
Subscapularis: Located on the anterior side of the scapula; involved in internal rotation of the shoulder.
Biceps Brachii: Involved in elbow flexion and is made up of two heads.
Triceps Brachii: Responsible for elbow extension.
Brachioradialis: Muscle that flexes the elbow and involves radial deviation.
Pronator Teres and Supinator Muscles: Involved with forearm rotation.
Rectus Femoris: A part of the quadriceps, responsible for knee extension and hip flexion.
Sartorius: A long muscle aiding in flexion, external rotation, and abduction of the hip.
Iliopsoas: Key muscle complex consisting of the iliacus and psoas major; responsible for hip flexion.
Adductor Group: Including Adductor Magnus, Brevis, and Longus, these muscles are responsible for hip adduction and are located medially on the thigh.
Gluteus Medius: Responsible for hip abduction.
Gluteus Maximus: Major muscle involved in hip extension and lateral rotation.
Gastrocnemius: Major calf muscle involved in plantar flexion.
Soleus: Works with the gastrocnemius for plantar flexion when seated.