0313-02

Research Article Review Assignment

• Objective: Select and review one or multiple research articles related to the class topics.

Article Selection

• Choose relevant articles (e.g., muscle adaptation during exercise).

• Multiple articles are encouraged for a comprehensive review.

Review Structure

• Title: Include a concise title for your review.

• Name: Add your name (optional cover letter is acceptable but not required).

• Introduction:

  • Provide background information on the chosen topic.

  • Explain the significance of the title and what the review will cover.

Content Organization

• Summarization:

  • Summarize key points from each article.

  • Organize by sections if applicable (subtitles suggested).

• Discussion: Include insights or interpretations of the articles reviewed.

References and Citations

• In-text citations: Use in-text references to support claims.

  • Format examples include numerical citations or author-date styles.

• Reference List: Compile all sources cited at the end of the review.

Formatting Guidelines

• Margins: 1-inch margin on all sides.

• Font Size: Use a font no larger than 11 points.

• Spacing: 1.5 line spacing recommended.

Questions and Clarification

• If unsure about article relevance, email the instructor for guidance.

• Ensure selected research is related to physiology topics discussed in class.

Quiz Introduction

• Quiz Number 13: Focus on the endocrine system, including:

  • Overview of hormone regulation.

  • Introduction to endocrine organs such as the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

Hypothalamus Overview

• Located in the diencephalon region of the brain.

• Connects with pituitary gland via the infundibulum.

Pituitary Gland Functions

• Divisions: Anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary.

• Hormones:

  • Anterior pituitary: 6 hormones produced.

  • Posterior pituitary: 2 neurohormones released (oxytocin and ADH).

Neurohormones in Posterior Pituitary

• Oxytocin:

  • Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth.

  • Promotes milk ejection.

• Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH):

  • Regulates water balance and kidney function.

  • Released in response to high solute concentration.

Anterior Pituitary Hormones Overview

• Six key hormones released:

  • Growth Hormone (GH): Involved in growth and metabolism regulation.

  • Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH): Stimulates the thyroid gland.

  • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): Stimulates adrenal cortex hormone release.

  • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Stimulates gamete production.

  • Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Regulates sex hormone production.

  • Prolactin (PRL): Stimulates milk production in females.

Mechanisms and Regulatory Feedback

• Negative Feedback Loops:

  • Hormone levels maintain balance through feedback to hypothalamus and pituitary.

Thyroid Gland Overview

• Location: Neck area, butterfly-shaped.

• Produces T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) hormones.

• Important for metabolism and development regulation.

Thyroid Hormones Functions

• Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR): Influences the body’s energy expenditure at rest.

• Regulates growth, reproduction, and blood pressure.

Clinical Aspects

• Hyperthyroidism: Excessive thyroid hormone production, often due to Graves' disease.

• Hypothyroidism: Insufficient hormone production leading to metabolic issues.

Conclusion

• Understanding the endocrine system and its functions is crucial for assessing physiological processes in health and disease.