0313-02

Research Article Review Assignment

  • Objective: Select and review one or multiple research articles related to the class topics.

Article Selection

  • Choose relevant articles (e.g., muscle adaptation during exercise).

  • Multiple articles are encouraged for a comprehensive review.

Review Structure

  • Title: Include a concise title for your review.

  • Name: Add your name (optional cover letter is acceptable but not required).

  • Introduction:

    • Provide background information on the chosen topic.

    • Explain the significance of the title and what the review will cover.

Content Organization

  • Summarization:

    • Summarize key points from each article.

    • Organize by sections if applicable (subtitles suggested).

  • Discussion: Include insights or interpretations of the articles reviewed.

References and Citations

  • In-text citations: Use in-text references to support claims.

    • Format examples include numerical citations or author-date styles.

  • Reference List: Compile all sources cited at the end of the review.

Formatting Guidelines

  • Margins: 1-inch margin on all sides.

  • Font Size: Use a font no larger than 11 points.

  • Spacing: 1.5 line spacing recommended.

Questions and Clarification

  • If unsure about article relevance, email the instructor for guidance.

  • Ensure selected research is related to physiology topics discussed in class.

Quiz Introduction

  • Quiz Number 13: Focus on the endocrine system, including:

    • Overview of hormone regulation.

    • Introduction to endocrine organs such as the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

Hypothalamus Overview

  • Located in the diencephalon region of the brain.

  • Connects with pituitary gland via the infundibulum.

Pituitary Gland Functions

  • Divisions: Anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary.

  • Hormones:

    • Anterior pituitary: 6 hormones produced.

    • Posterior pituitary: 2 neurohormones released (oxytocin and ADH).

Neurohormones in Posterior Pituitary

  • Oxytocin:

    • Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth.

    • Promotes milk ejection.

  • Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH):

    • Regulates water balance and kidney function.

    • Released in response to high solute concentration.

Anterior Pituitary Hormones Overview

  • Six key hormones released:

    • Growth Hormone (GH): Involved in growth and metabolism regulation.

    • Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH): Stimulates the thyroid gland.

    • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): Stimulates adrenal cortex hormone release.

    • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Stimulates gamete production.

    • Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Regulates sex hormone production.

    • Prolactin (PRL): Stimulates milk production in females.

Mechanisms and Regulatory Feedback

  • Negative Feedback Loops:

    • Hormone levels maintain balance through feedback to hypothalamus and pituitary.

Thyroid Gland Overview

  • Location: Neck area, butterfly-shaped.

  • Produces T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) hormones.

  • Important for metabolism and development regulation.

Thyroid Hormones Functions

  • Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR): Influences the body’s energy expenditure at rest.

  • Regulates growth, reproduction, and blood pressure.

Clinical Aspects

  • Hyperthyroidism: Excessive thyroid hormone production, often due to Graves' disease.

  • Hypothyroidism: Insufficient hormone production leading to metabolic issues.

Conclusion

  • Understanding the endocrine system and its functions is crucial for assessing physiological processes in health and disease.