Vascular Surgery & Circulatory System

🟦 Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the medical term for the abnormal formation of blood clots within blood vessels?
   ✅ Thrombosis

2. What is the medical term for high blood pressure?
   ✅ Hypertension

3. Which term refers to a surgical procedure to widen or restore the lumen of an artery?
   ✅ Angioplasty

4. What is a potential cause of an arterial embolism?
   ✅ Blood clot

5. This is a removal of a blood clot from a blood vessel with a Fogarty catheter, restoring blood flow.
   ✅ Thrombectomy

6. A small plastic tube that diverts blood around the section of the carotid artery being operated on:
   ✅ Shunt

7. A small mesh tube inserted into a duct or vessel to keep it open:
   ✅ Stent

8. This occurs when arteries directly connect to veins or venous sinuses:
   ✅ Arteriovenous fistula

9. Swollen, twisted veins under the skin are called:
   ✅ Varicoses

🟩 True/False Questions

10. Peripheral vascular disease is primarily caused by venous insufficiency.
    ❌ False – It is primarily caused by arterial atherosclerosis, not venous insufficiency.

🟨 Fill in the Blank

11. False aneurysms are found during tests for other conditions.
    ✅ (Factual statement, but would benefit from context: they often occur after trauma or catheterization.)

🟧 Matching Sections

🔹 Arterial Supply (Extremities):

🔹 Vascular Terms:

🔹 Blood Vessel Functions:

🟥 Essay/Short Answer Questions

12. What are the potential complications of untreated peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?

✅ Correct Answer:

• Tissue ischemia

• Non-healing ulcers

• Gangrene

• Amputation

• Stroke (if cerebral arteries involved)

13. Discuss treatment options for Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT):

✅ Correct Answer:

• Anticoagulants (e.g., heparin, warfarin)

• Compression stockings

• Thrombolytics (clot busters)

• IVC filter (if anticoagulation contraindicated)

14. What is the term for a blocked blood vessel?

✅ Occlusion

15. What procedure can cause phantom limb phenomenon?

✅ Amputation

16. What causes the vessel wall to be made up of products from the clotting cascade?

✅ Thrombus formation – as clotting elements (fibrin, platelets) accumulate due to vessel injury or stasis.

🧠 Key Concepts to Study

• Thrombosis = blood clot inside vessel

• Embolism = traveling clot or debris

• Aneurysm = weakened, bulging vessel

• Arteriovenous Fistula = abnormal artery-vein connection

• Angioplasty vs. Endarterectomy = widening vs. removing blockage

• Thrombectomy = removing clot with a catheter

• DVT treatment = anticoagulants + supportive care

• PVD complications = ischemia, ulcers, possible amputation

• Stents/Shunts = support blood flow or bypass blockages

• Phantom limb = brain still “feels” missing limb post-amputation